Amino Acid vs Protein
Amino acids and proteins are organic molecules, which are abundant in living systems.
Amino Acid
Amino acid is a simple molecule formed with C, H, O, N and may be S. It has the following general structure.
There are about 20 common amino acids. All the amino acids have a –COOH, -NH2groups and a –H bonded to a carbon. The carbon is a chiral carbon, and alpha amino acids are the most important in the biological world. D- amino acids are not found in proteins and not a part of metabolism of higher organisms. However, several are important in the structure and metabolism of lower forms of life. In addition to common amino acids, there are a number of non-protein derived amino acids, many of which are either metabolic intermediates or parts of non-protein biomolecules (ornithine, citrulline). The R group differs from amino acid to amino acid. The simplest amino acid with R group being H is glycine. According to the R group, amino acids can be categorized into aliphatic, aromatic, non polar, polar, positively charged, negatively charged, or polar uncharged, etc. Amino acids present as zwitter ions in the physiological pH 7.4. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. When two amino acids join to form a dipeptide, the combination takes place in a -NH2组一个氨基酸的羧基组other amino acid. A water molecule is removed, and the formed bond is known as a peptide bond.
Protein
蛋白质是生物体中最重要的大分子类型之一。蛋白质可以根据其结构而归类为主要，次生，第三和第四纪蛋白。蛋白质中氨基酸（多肽）的序列称为主要结构。当多肽结构折叠成随机排列时，它们被称为二级蛋白。在三级结构中，蛋白具有三维结构。当几个三维蛋白部分结合在一起时，它们会形成第四纪蛋白。蛋白质的三维结构取决于氢键，二硫键，离子键，疏水相互作用以及氨基酸内所有其他分子间相互作用。蛋白质在生活系统中起多个角色。他们参与形成结构。例如，肌肉具有胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白等蛋白质纤维。 They are also found in hard and rigid structural parts as nails, hair, hooves, feathers, etc. Further proteins are found in connective tissues like cartilages. Other than the structural function, proteins have a protective function too. Antibodies are proteins, and they protect our bodies from foreign infections. All the enzymes are proteins. Enzymes are the main molecules which control all the metabolic activities. Further, proteins participate in cell signaling. Proteins are produced on ribosomes. Protein producing signal is passed onto the ribosome from the genes in DNA. The required amino acids can be from the diet or can be synthesized inside the cell. Protein denaturation results in the unfolding and disorganization of the proteins’ secondary and tertiary structures. This can be due to heat, organic solvents, strong acids and bases, detergents, mechanical forces, etc.
有什么区别Amino Acid and Protein? • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. • Amino acids are small molecules with a small molar mass. In contrast, proteins are macromolecules, where the molar mass can go beyond thousand times than that of an amino acid. • There are more types of proteins than amino acids. Because of the ways the basic 20 amino acids arrange can give rise to many number of proteins. |
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