宏基因组学和元文字组学之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween metagenomics and metatranscriptomics relies on the type of biomolecules studied in each area.宏基因组学研究DNA，其序列及其在生物体中的行为，而元文字组学研究转录的DNA，主要是mRNAsequences and its behaviour in organisms.

Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics are two fields that have gained much popularity over the years in relation to the microbial community. They are important in the health care, industry and agricultural biotechnology. Both metagenomics and metatranscriptomics allow the study of individual organisms in a community and their functional roles that are either beneficial or harmful.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是宏基因组学
3.什么是元文字组学
4.Similarities Between Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics
5。并排比较 - 表格形式的宏基因组学与元复杂
6。概括

什么是宏基因组学?

宏基因组学是探索脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）的研究领域。它与微生物群落最相关。此外，这是一个更高级的领域基因组学. In genomics, analysis of a particular organisms’ DNA takes place. However, metagenomics involves the analysis of genetic material across a community of organisms. Thus, this allows studying the behaviour of a community of organisms pertaining to one condition or one environment.

宏基因组学研究涉及的主要技术是下一代测序(NGS) that uses the micro-array technology. The NGS methods can analyze multiple organisms in a single reaction for the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences. These DNA sequences may be responsible for a single disease condition or an environmental condition. Hence, using metagenomic knowledge, screening of organisms can be done easily and accurately. The sequencing during NGS takes place in short reads and the profiling of the organisms’ DNA takes place. The 16s DNA sequence is a popular sequence studied in metagenomics concerning microorganisms.

Following the sequencing of the community of organisms, the alignment of the sequences should be done. Tools such as the Basic Local Alignment Sequence tool (BLAST) are in use to fulfil the task of alignment. Following the alignment, a phylogenetic tree provides the relationship of each organism in the community and details regarding its behaviour.

什么是元文字组学?

Metatranscriptomics is the field of study that deals with thetranscriptomeof an organism. The transcriptome constitutes the entire RNA sequences transcribed during DNA transcription. The mRNA sequences present in the transcriptome provide information on the genetic expression. Metatranscriptomics is the analysis of multiple transcriptomes across populations or communities.

Metatranscriptomics studies also use microarray technologies to find the sequences of the short read sequences. Moreover, metatranscriptomics also involves a thorough bioinformatics analysis using alignment tools and tree designing methods. However, the field of metatranscriptomics is much harder in comparison to metagenomics. The extraction of mRNA or RNA as a whole is not as easy as it appears to be. Since RNA is highly prone to destruction and has a very short living time, the maintenance and the storage of these could be a possible query.

宏基因组学和元文字组学之间有什么相似之处？

• Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics are high throughput techniques to analyze communities of organisms, mainly microbial communities.
• 两种技术都使用微阵列技术来推断发现。
• The obtained results are often analyzed using BLAST alignment and Phylogenetic trees.
• Moreover, both techniques do not focus on one organism, but a group or community organisms.
• 此外，这两个概念也主要与微生物有关 - 主要原因是它们发挥了各种作用。

宏基因组学和元文字组学有什么区别？

Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics involve the analysis of genetic matter in a community of organisms. Thus, metagenomics concern the patterns and sequences of DNA whereas metatranscriptomics refer to the analysis of the mRNA or the transcribed DNA. So, this is the key difference between metagenomics and metatranscriptomics.

此外，提取过程在两种技术上都不同。宏基因组学涉及DNA提取程序，元文字组学涉及RNA提取程序。因此，这也是宏基因组学和元文字组学之间的显着差异。

The below infographic summarizes the difference between metagenomics and metatranscriptomics:

概括– Metagenomics vs Metatranscriptomics

宏基因组学和元转录组学是新的研究领域，分析了特定疾病的生物体社区。因此，宏基因组学是指DNA序列的分析。相反，元转录组学是指对RNA序列或转录DNA产物的分析。在这方面，Metatranscriptomics可以鉴定特定情况的基因表达。两者在分析突变及其效果方面都很重要。这些是用于提前诊断的快速且更可靠的技术。因此，这是宏基因组学和元文字组学之间差异的摘要。

Reference:

1. Aguiar-Pulido，Vanessa等。“宏基因组学，元文字组学和代谢组学方法用于微生物组分析。”在线进化生物信息学，自由主义者，2016年5月12日，Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. “pcbi.1002808.g001” By系统发育图（CC由2.0）viaFlickr
2.“Danny556转录组图3”(说话)——自我-made（c by-sa 3.0）viaFlickr