外显组和转录组之间的差异

Key Difference – Exome vs Transcriptome

Agenecontains coding and non-coding regions within it. Coding sequences are known asexons, and non-coding sequences are known asintrons。Thenucleotide基因外显子的序列代表遗传密码基因合成特定蛋白质的基因。因此，外显子保留在mRNAmolecule. The total exon region of thegenome被称为外显子，它是基因组的重要组成部分。基因的遗传密码转化为mRNA分子的遗传密码，这是蛋白质生产所需的。一次在细胞或细胞群中转录的整个mRNA分子称为转录组。外显子和转录组之间的关键区别在于exome represents the sequences of the exon regions of the genomewhile转录组代表给定时间的细胞或组织的总mRNA。

内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Exome
3.什么是转录组
4.Side by Side Comparison – Exome vs Transcriptome
5.概括

什么是外显子？

Genes are composed of exons, introns and regulatory sequences. Exons are the gene regions which are transcribed into mRNA sequence during the转录。在转录过程中，内含子和其他非编码区域被去除。外显子的核苷酸序列确定了合成特定蛋白IT代码的基因的遗传密码。仅外显子保留在蛋白质的mRNA中。基因组中的外显子的集合被称为生物体的外显子。它代表了基因表达的基因组的一部分。在人类中，外显子占基因组的1％。它是人类基因组的蛋白质编码部分。

什么是转录组?

的transcriptome is the collection of all protein-coding and non-coding transcripts (RNAs) in a given tissue. Transcriptome represents the collection of total mRNA molecules expressed by the genes in a cell or a tissue. The transcriptome of a cell can be varied with the transcriptome of another cell type. The transcriptome is also dynamic – it changes with time in response to both internal and external stimuli. Even within the same tissue or within the same cell type, transcriptome can change after few minutes.

Transcriptome differs from exome of an organism. Transcriptome includes only the expressed exome sequences. Though the exome of a cell remains the same, transcriptome differs among cells since gene expression is not same for all cells or tissues. Only essential genes are expressed in different cells and tissues.Gene expressionis a tissue or cell type specific process. It is regulated by various factors including environmental factors. Therefore, transcriptome can vary with external environmental conditions.

转录组被用作蛋白质组学研究的前体。所有蛋白质均来自mRNA序列。翻译修饰会导致蛋白质的变化。但是，转录组为蛋白质组学研究提供了重要的基本信息。

外显子组和转录组有什么区别？

Exome vs Transcriptome
Exome is the collection of protein-coding region of the genes.	Transcriptome is the collection of all transcribed RNA including mRNA.
样本
Exome is studied using DNA sample.	Transcriptome is studied using an RNA sample.
Study Method
Whole exome sequencing is the method of studying exome.	RNA sequencing is the method of studying transcriptome.

概括– Exome vs Transcriptome

Exons are the coding sequences of the genes and determine the mRNA sequences of the proteins. The collection of these coding sequences (exons) is known as exome of an organism. Genes are transcribed into mRNA molecules prior to making proteins. The total mRNA molecules of a cell or a tissue at any given time are known as transcriptome. Transcriptome represents the genes that are being actively expressed into mRNA at any given time. Transcriptome is cell and tissue specific and affects with the environmental conditions. This is the difference between exome and transcriptome.

参考：
1.Sarah等人，“有针对性的捕获和大量平行的人类外来，”。自然。美国国家医学图书馆，2009年9月10日。2017年4月1日
2.Mutz et al. “Transcriptome analysis using next-generation sequencing.” Elsevier: Article Locator. N.p., Sept. 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2017

Image Courtesy:
1。”的transcriptome of pluripotent cells” By Grskovic, M. and Ramalho-Santos, M., The pluripotent transcriptome (October 10, 2008), StemBook, ed. The Stem Cell Research Community, StemBook, doi/10.3824/stembook.1.24.1, http://www.stembook.org. – [1] DirectStemBook Figure 2 The transcriptome of pluripotent cells.Grskovic, M. and Ramalho-Santos, M., The pluripotent transcriptome (October 10, 2008), StemBook, ed. The Stem Cell Research Community,StemBook, doi/10.3824/stembook.1.24.1,(CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia