之间的区别接种and Incubation

关键差异 - 接种与孵化

微生物在实验室和行业中进行培养，以表征，分化，识别，发展，发展抗生素， 发展vaccines， 的产品transgenic (GMO)计划ts and animals, and extraction of有机酸。它们是在人为合成的增长培养基或自然基材中生长的。因此，应该准备不同类型的无菌新鲜培养基，并且所需的微生物在纯或混合培养物中培养。培养基补充了微生物生长所需的所有营养。将微生物引入新鲜培养基或底物的作用称为接种。但是，应提供最佳生长条件，以实现微生物的足够生长。提供所需的生长条件，例如温度，水分和pH值以及允许微生物在培养基上生长的过程被称为孵化。因此，接种和孵育之间的关键区别在于接种是向不断增长的培养基或底物引入微生物尽管孵育允许在供应生长条件下生长微生物。

CONTENTS

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是接种
3。什么是孵化
4。并排比较 - 接种与表格形式的孵育
5。Summary

什么是接种？

接种is the process of introducing microorganisms into a growing medium which is suitable for their growth. In other words, inoculation can be defined as the process which introduces a pathogenic or antigenic microorganism into a living organism in order to stimulate the production of抗体。接种完成后，微生物通过形成可见菌落在培养基中开始增长和繁殖。

There are different types of inoculation tools and techniques used inmicrobiology。接种循环，接种针头，棉签，镊子，玻璃望远镜，分配器移液器是实验室中常用的接种工具。所有这些材料都应没有污染物。因此，在接种之前，有必要使用合适的消毒避免的技术污染或培养基中不必要的微生物的增长。条纹板法，扩散位置方法，倒板法，点接种，刺培养，倾斜培养是微生物实验室中使用的几种接种技术来生长细菌和真菌。

什么是孵化？

Microorganisms have different growing requirements. They should be provided with required nutrients, water, minerals, growth factors, trace elements and other growth conditions. After inoculating of a microbe into a fresh medium, growing conditions should be maintained to support the growth of the microorganism. The process of allowing microorganisms to grow in a medium by providing necessary growth conditions is known as incubation. Inoculated culture plates can be placed inside a device called incubator for incubation. Incubators are designed in such a way that the operator can control the温度，湿度，，，，gas concentrations, etc. as per the microbe requirement.

What are the Phases in Microbial Growth?

When optimal conditions are provided, microorganisms tend to grow, reproduce and multiply by utilizing the available nutrients in the medium. Microbial growth has four distinct phases in a culture medium. After the inoculation, they initiate the滞后阶段。During the lag phase, microbes do not show a rapid growth or multiplication. They start adjusting to the new environment and stabilize there. Once they are adjusted, the second phase, which shows an exponential growth of the microorganism, initiates. The second phase is known as日志阶段or指数阶段。During the log phase, microbes show optimal growth rate and multiplication. The third phase starts after log phase when the nutrients and other requirements are limited in the medium. During thestationary phase，生长和垂死率变得相等，生长曲线处于与X轴平行的直线。第四阶段是死亡阶段死亡率超过增长率的地方。几天后，微生物生长停止，留下了死去的文化。

What is the difference between Inoculation and Incubation?

接种与孵育
接种是将微生物或微生物悬浮在培养基中的过程。	孵育是允许接种微生物在所需生长条件下生长的过程。
使用的工具
可以使用接种针，接种环，棉花掉期，移液器等进行接种。	可以在文化室，孵化器，培养架等中进行孵化。
Time
接种在短时间内进行。	孵育需要几个小时到几天。
维持条件
接种已完成无菌层流柜内的条件。	通过提供适当的生长条件，例如温度，湿度，氧气浓度，光等，进行孵育。

Summary – Inoculation vs Incubation

接种and incubation are two major steps involved in culturing microorganisms in laboratories. Inoculation is the action of introducing microorganism to a suitable culture medium or substrate. Inoculated media are provided with suitable growing conditions to grow and multiply. This process is known as incubation. This is the main difference between inoculation and incubation. There are special tools and equipment in microbial laboratories for incubation purposes. The incubator is a device which allows microorganisms to grow under controlled temperature, aeration, humidity, etc. Inoculation and incubation should be performed following proper aseptic conditions to prevent contaminations and waste of time.

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References:

1。“EXPERIMENTS TO SHOW THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA – basic techniques.”Microbiological techniques – the basics. N.p., n.d. Web.在这里可用。2017年6月7日。
2.“增长率和温度 - 无限的开放教科书。”无限。无限，2016年8月17日。在这里可用。2017年6月7日。

图片提供：

1.“条纹板”（CC BY-SA 3.0）通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2。“Microbiological plates incubator-02” By real name: Matylda Sękpl.wiki: Cygaretkacommons: Cygaretka – Own work（CC BY-SA 3.0）通过下议院维基梅迪亚