Ascus和Basidium之间的差异

关键区别 - Ascus vs Basidium

Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetesare two major phyla in the kingdom fungi. Both groups represent macrofungi and produce visible fruiting bodies or sporophores to bearspores。Spores are the mediators of propagation of these fungi. Ascomycetes fungi produce a sac-shaped cell, bearing eighthaploid孢子叫孢子ascosporesduringsexual reproduction。This structure is known as ascus (plural: asci). Basidiomycetes produce a club-shaped cell which bears four protruded haploid spores calledbasidiospores在有性繁殖期间。它被称为basidium（复数：basidia）。Ascus和Basidium之间的关键区别在于ascus produces ascospores internallywhilebasidium在外部产生basidiospores。Both ascus and basidium are microscopic structures.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Ascus
3.What is Basidium
4.Side by Side Comparison – Ascus vs Basidium in Tabular Form
5.概括

What is an Ascus?

Ascomycetes is a higher phylum of kingdomfungi。子囊菌是一个大的门，包括超过44,00O的已知物种。子囊真菌是土壤中众所周知的有机物分解剂。它们还用于抗生素和有机酸生产的行业。这组真菌在无性繁殖期间产生分生孢子，并在其性繁殖过程中产生分生孢子。这些孢子发芽并产生新的真菌菌丝以继续世代。

Ascospores are produced inside a special reproductive cell called ascus. Ascus is a sac-shaped cell which contains ascospores of ascomycetes fungi. It is a microscopic structure, which develops within the mycelial mat, and produces ascospores internally. Usually, ascus contains eight spores inside it. Hence, the name ascus is given to this structure. Some ascomycetes fungi produce four ascospores inside the ascus. There are also species with just one spore per ascus and others with over a hundred spores per ascus. Spore number within ascus changes with the fungal species. The production of ascus or asci is an important characteristic which distinguishes ascomycetes from other fungi. Ascospores and asci are specific to ascomycetes. Hence ascomycetes fungi are easily identified by the presence of asci within their mycelium.

Ascospores are produced by two meiotic divisions of the diploidzygotenucleus. Original diploid nucleus divides into four haploid nuclei bymeiosis。Then these four nuclei duplicate by有丝分裂to produce eight ascospores.

什么是基金？

基本菌is another phylum of kingdom fungi which belongs to higher macrofungi. There are about 25,000 species of basidiomycetes.Mushrooms and toadstools是两种熟悉的基本菌类型。基本菌具有由Basidia形成的特征。Basidium是一种俱乐部形状结构，在基本菌具有性繁殖期间发展。它是一种微观结构，可产生称为basidiospores的性孢子。Basidia是在基本菌的结实体的膜体上开发的。Basidia的存在是基本菌属独有的。

A basidium usually produces four basidiospores and occasionally two or eight spores. However, it can change with the fungal species. Basidia produce narrow prong structures called sterigmata. One basidium produces four sterigmata, and at the tip of the sterigma, each basidiospore is developed externally. At the mature state, basidiospores are discharged forcibly from the sterigmata to the environment.

What is the difference between Ascus and Basidium?

Ascus vs Basidium
Ascus is a sac-shaped reproductive cell which produces sexual spores called ascospores.	Basidium is a club-shaped sexual cell which produces sexual spores of basidiomycetes called basidiospores.
Fungal Phylum
Ascus是一种性生殖结构。	Basidium is a sexual reproductive structure unique to phylum Basidiomycetes.
Spore Production
Ascospores are produced internally by the ascus.	Basidiospores are produced externally by the basidium.
孢子编号
An ascus usually bears eight ascospores.	A basidium usually produces four basidiospores
Examples
Aspergillus和青霉are two common species of ascomycetes.	Agaricus(common mushrooms) is the best-known example of basidiomycetes

摘要 - Ascus vs Basidium

Ascus是在子宫菌真菌中产生的性孢子细胞。它是一种类似囊的结构，其中包含子宫菌的性孢子。Ascus是在菌丝体内发展的，是微观结构。Ascus通常通过二倍体合子的两个减数分裂细胞划分在内部产生八个子孢子。basidium是一种在基底菌真菌中产生的孢子性细胞。它是一种类似俱乐部的结构，其中包含性孢子菌的性孢子。Basidium产生了四分钟的投影，称为sterigmata，在sterigmata的尽头，孢子在外部产生。这是Ascus和Basidium之间的差异。

下载PDF版本的Ascus和Basidium

You can download PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation notes. Please download PDF version hereAscus和Basidium之间的差异

参考：

1. “Two Major Groups.” Ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. N.p., n.d. Web.Available here。03 June 2017.
2. ” True Fungi (Eumycophyta1 Ascomycota (Ascomycetes, Ascomycotina) — Sac Fungi.” Ascomycota, Ascomycetes & Sac Fungi. N.p., n.d. Web.Available here。03 June 2017.
3. “Subdivision: Basidiomycotina.” Fungi Classification – Basidiomycotina. N.p., n.d. Web.Available here.02 June 2017.

Image Courtesy:

1. Peter G. Werner的“ Morelasci” - 自己的作品(CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2.“ basidium示意图” de devort - 来自英语Wikipedia(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia