关键区别 - 全酶与载酶
Enzymes是生物学catalysts这增加了体内化学反应的速率。他们是蛋白质由amino acid序列。酶参与化学反应而无需食用。它们针对底物和化学反应。酶的功能由不同的非蛋白质小分子支持。他们被称为辅因子。它们有助于酶以催化作用。这些辅因子可以是金属离子或coenzymes; they can also be either inorganic or organic molecules. Many enzymes require a cofactor to become active and initiate the catalytic function. Based on the binding with cofactor, enzymes have two forms named apoenzyme and holoenzyme. The key difference between holoenzyme and apoenzyme is that载酶是酶的蛋白质成分尽管全酶是酶和结合辅因子的蛋白质成分,它会产生酶的活性形式。
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Holoenzyme
3。什么是载酶
4。并排比较 - 表格形式的全酶vs apoenzyme
5。Summary
What is Holoenzyme?
酶是催化细胞中生化反应的蛋白质。大多数酶需要一个小的非蛋白质分子来启动催化功能。这些分子称为辅因子。辅因子主要是无机或有机分子。辅因子分为两种主要类型的金属离子和辅酶。辅因子的结合对于激活酶和化学反应的启动至关重要。当酶的蛋白质成分与辅因子结合时,完整的分子被称为全酶。全酶具有催化活性。因此,它积极与底物结合并增加了反应速率。辅酶与酶松散结合,而假体基团与中酶紧密结合。 Some cofactors bind to the active site of the enzyme. Upon binding, it changes the conformation of the enzyme and enhances the binding of substrates to the active site of the enzyme.
DNA聚合酶andRNA polymerase是两个全酶。DNA聚合酶需要镁离子活跃并启动DNA聚合。RNA聚合酶需要Sigma因子的催化功能。
什么是载酶?
载酶是与辅因子结合之前的酶。换句话说,载酶是缺乏辅因子的酶的蛋白质部分。载酶是催化性的无活性和不完整的。它与辅酶结合并确定该系统对底物的特异性时形成活性酶系统。有许多辅助因子与载酶结合以制造全酶。常见的辅酶是nad+,FAD,辅酶A,B族维生素和维生素C.与载酶结合的常见金属离子是铁,铜,钙,锌,镁等。辅助因子辅助因子与载脂蛋白与载酶紧密或松散结合,以将apoenzyme转化为全酶。一旦从全酶中取出辅因子,它就会再次转化为无活性和不完整的载酶。
The presence of the cofactor at the active site of the apoenzyme is essential because they provide groups or sites that the protein part of the enzyme does not possess to catalyze the reaction.
Holoenzyme和Apoenzyme有什么区别?
Holoenzyme vs Apoenzyme |
|
Holoenzyme is an active enzyme consisting of an apoenzyme bound to its cofactor. | 载酶是缺乏其辅因子的蛋白质成分。 |
辅因子 | |
全酶与其辅因子结合。 | 载酶是没有辅因子的酶成分。 |
活动 | |
全酶具有催化活性。 | 载酶是催化活性的。 |
完整性 | |
Holoenzyme is complete and can initiate the reaction. | Apoenzyme is incomplete and cannot initiate the reaction. |
例子 | |
DNA聚合酶,,,,RNA polymerase are examples of holoenzym. | Aspartate transcarbamoylase is an example for apoenzyme. |
Summary – Holoenzyme vs Apoenzyme
Enzymes are biological catalysts of the cells. They lower the energy needed for reaction occurrence. Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by actively inducing the substrate converting to products. They specifically catalyze the reactions without entering into the reactions. Enzymes are composed of protein molecules. The protein portion of the enzyme is known as apoenzyme. Apoenzyme needs binding with non proteinacious small molecules called cofactors to become active. When apoenzyme binds with cofactor, the complex is known as holoenzyme. Holoenzyme is catalytically active to initiate the chemical reaction. The substrate binds with the holoenzyme, not with the apoenzyme. This is the difference between holoenzyme and apoenzyme.
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References:
1.“结构生物化学/酶/apoenzyme和Holoenzyme。”结构生物化学/酶/apoenzyme和Holoenzyme - Wikibooks。N.P.,N.D。网络。在这里可用。2017年6月12日。
2.生物化学。N.P.,N.D。网络。在这里可用。2017年6月13日。
图片提供:
1. Moniquepena的“酶” - 通过下议院维基梅迪亚
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