生物碱和类黄酮之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween alkaloid and flavonoid is that生物碱是一种氨基酸衍生的含氮有机化合物，在植物，动物，真菌和细菌中发现，而类黄酮是不含氮的植物中发现的一种天然化合物。

Alkaloids and flavonoids are two groups of natural compounds found mainly in plants. They are organic compounds produced as secondary metabolites. Alkaloid is a cyclic organic compound which contains at least one nitrogen atom. They show basic properties. Flavonoids are natural compounds that contain two benzene rings linked via a heterocyclic pyran ring. Both are considered as two major classes of plant organic compounds. They usually coexist in many medicinal plants.

内容

1.概述和关键差异
2.什么是生物碱
3.What is a Flavonoid
4。生物碱和类黄酮之间的相似之处
5。并排比较 - 表格的生物碱与类黄酮
6。概括

什么是生物碱?

An alkaloid is a naturally occurring nitrogen-containing basic organic compound primarily found in plants. They are heterocyclic compounds. They are also produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi and animals. Certain families of flowering plants are known to contain alkaloids. Some of them are rich in alkaloids. For example, opium poppy plant has about 30 different types of alkaloids.

有数千种确定的生物碱。此外，有几类的生物碱，包括吲哚，喹啉，等喹啉，吡咯烷,pyridines, pyrrolizidines, tropanes,萜类化合物and steroids. Morphine (a powerful narcotic used for the relief of pain), codeine (an excellent analgesic), strychnine (another powerful poison), quinine (a powerful antimalarial agent), ephedrine (used in bronchial asthma and to relieve the discomfort of hay fever, sinusitis, and common colds), quinidine (used in the treatment of irregular rhythms of the heartbeat or arrhythmias) and nicotine (the chief addictive ingredient of the tobacco smoked in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes) are several well-known alkaloids.

图01：生物碱

In pure form, alkaloids are colourless and have a bitter taste. Alkaloids exist as an aqueous solution in tissues. They can be isolated using a special method called extraction. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC）是可用于分离生物碱的另一种方法。

Many alkaloids are elements of the human diet. Some alkaloids are narcotic drugs, and they are highly addictive. Similar to flavonoids, alkaloids have diverse and important physiological effects on humans and other animals. They show anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesics, local anaesthetic and pain relief, neuropharmacological, antimicrobial, antifungal, and many other properties. Furthermore, many alkaloids have important pharmaceutical uses. The exact role of alkaloids in plants is yet unknown. In some plants, the production of alkaloids increases just before the seed formation. In addition to these, alkaloids help to protect some plants from certain insect species.

What is a Flavonoid?

Flavonoid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in plants. Structurally, a flavonoid has a fifteen-carbon skeleton containing two benzene rings linked via a heterocyclic pyran ring. Plants synthesize flavonoids in response to microbial infection. They are produced via phenylpropanoid pathway. Flavonoids can be classified into several classes such as flavones (e.g., flavone, apigenin, and luteolin), flavonols (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and fisetin), flavanones (e.g., flavanone, hesperetin, and naringenin), and others.

图02：类黄酮

类黄酮具有多才多艺的健康益处。它们具有抗氧化活性，自由基清除能力，预防冠状动脉疾病，肝保护性，抗炎和抗癌活性。此外，它们显示了潜在的抗病毒活动。它们还有助于对抗植物中的氧化应激。此外，它们是植物中的生长调节剂。

Fruits and vegetables are the main dietary sources of flavonoids for humans. Onions, tea, strawberries, kale, grapes, Brussels sprouts, citrus fruit, parsley, and many spices are few natural foods rich in flavonoids. In fact, almost all fruits, vegetables and herbs contain flavonoids. The vivid and attractive colours in leaves, fruits and vegetables are mainly due to flavonoids. They are often concentrated in the skins and outer areas of fruits and vegetables.

生物碱和类黄酮之间有什么相似之处？

Alkaloid and flavonoid are naturally occurring organic compounds found mostly in plants.
它们是有用的饮食成分。
Both compounds are useful in curing diseases and improving human life.
They have antioxidative activity, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.
Moreover, they are low molecular weight compounds.
它们被认为是二级代谢物。

What is the Difference Between Alkaloid and Flavonoid?

生物碱是一种在植物，动物，真菌和细菌中发现的含氮有机化合物。类黄酮是在水果，蔬菜和植物衍生饮料中发现的多酚二级代谢物。因此，这是生物碱和类黄酮之间的关键区别。

The below infographic summarizes the difference between alkaloid and flavonoid in tabular form.

摘要 - 生物碱与类黄酮

生物碱和类黄酮是天然存在的化合物，主要存在于植物中。两种类型都是极好的抗氧化剂。他们还在预防和治愈疾病中起关键作用。两种类型的化合物都表现出广泛的健康促进作用。生物碱是在植物，动物，真菌和细菌中发现的含氮低分子量化合物。类黄酮是低分子量植物化学物质，不含氮。因此，这总结了生物碱和类黄酮之间的差异。

Reference:

1.库雷克，乔安娜。“入门章节：生物碱 - 它们在自然和人类生活中的重要性。”Intechopen，Intechopen，2019年11月13日，Available here.
2. Kumar, Shashank, and Abhay K. Pandey. “Chemistry and Biological Activities of Flavonoids: An Overview.” The Scientific World Journal, Hindawi, 29 Dec. 2013,Available here.
3. Panche，A N等。“类黄酮：概述。”营养科学杂志，剑桥大学出版社，2016年12月29日，Available here.