之间的区别Hayfever and Cold

Key Difference – Hayfever vs Cold

在雨季的流鼻涕并不是真正担心的。Hayfever和Cold是产生鼻腔症状的两个最常见疾病，例如流鼻涕和打喷嚏。Hayfever，也称为allergic rhinitis，被定义为鼻腔排放或阻塞和打喷嚏攻击，在大部分时间内，由于过敏原。寒冷是一种高度感染性的疾病，会引起各种鼻症状。As their definitions clearly state, the key difference between hayfever and cold is thathayfever is caused by noninfectious agents whereas cold is caused infectious agents such as viruses.

CONTENTS

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是干草
3。什么是冷
4。干草和寒冷之间的相似性
5.Side by Side Comparison – Hayfever vs Cold in Tabular Form
6.Summary

什么是干草?

Hayfever，也称为allergic rhinitis，被定义为鼻腔排放或阻塞和打喷嚏攻击，在大部分时间内，由于过敏原。It can be of two types: seasonal or intermittentrhinitis这发生在一个有限的时期吗nd perennial or persistent rhinitis which occurs throughout the year.

病理生理学

IgEantibodies are produced against the allergen by theB细胞。然后IgE结合到肥大细胞。This cross-linking leads to degranulation and the release of chemical mediators such as histamine, prostaglandin, leukotrienes, cytokines and蛋白酶（胰蛋白酶，Chymase）。这些介体引起的急性症状，如打喷嚏，瘙痒，鼻孔和鼻塞。从过敏原进入鼻腔后的几分钟内可能会发生打喷嚏，其次是由于组胺的作用而增加的鼻分泌物和阻塞。此外，嗜酸性粒细胞，嗜碱性粒细胞，neutrophilsandT淋巴细胞通过抗原呈递招募到现场T细胞。These cells cause irritation and edema resulting in the nasal obstruction.

Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

季节性鼻炎也被称为花粉症，是世界上某些地区最常见的过敏性疾病之一，患病率超过10％。打喷嚏，鼻部刺激和水性鼻分泌是常见的临床特征。但是有些患者也可能患有眼睛，耳朵和柔软的口感。

Tree pollens, grass pollens, and mold spores are the usual culprits that act as the allergens to provoke our immune system. Seasonal allergic rhinitis may occur at different times of the year in different regions mainly because of the variation in the pattern of pollination.

多年生过敏性鼻炎

About 50% of the patients with perennial rhinitis may complain of sneezing or watery rhinorrhea and the others usually complain of nasal blockage. These patients rarely can have eye and throat symptoms as well.

Inflammatory mucosal swellings can obstruct the drainage of secretions from the sinuses, leading to sinusitis. The most common allergen causing perennial allergic rhinitis is the fecal particles of house dust mite,细菌pteronyssinusorD. Farinaewhich are invisible to the naked eye. These mites are found in dust all over the house especially in damp places. The highest concentration of mites is found in human beddings. Next commonest allergen is the proteins derived from urine, saliva or skin of domestic pets, especially cats. Perennial rhinitis makes the nose more responsive to nonspecific stimuli like cigarette smoke, household detergents, strong perfumes, washing powder and traffic fumes.

调查和诊断

History of the patient is important in identifying the allergen. Skin prick test is useful but it is not a confirmative test. Allergen-specific IgE antibody levels in the blood can be measured but it is expensive.

Treatments

• 避免过敏原
• H₁抗组胺药 - 最常见的疗法（EX：氯苯苯胺，羟嗪，洛拉替丁，desloratadine，cetririzine，fexofenadine）
• 充气者
• 抗炎药
• 皮质类固醇 - 最有效
• 白三烯

什么是冷的？

寒冷是一种高度感染性的疾病，会引起各种鼻症状。A wide range of respiratory viruses such as rhinovirus, adenovirus, and coronavirus can cause this disease.

从先前提到的病毒中，鼻病毒是最常见的寒冷病毒药物。这些病毒的菌株有不同的菌株，使我们的身体很难对它们产生免疫力。感染性在感染的初始阶段最高。病原体的扩散是通过与感染患者的呼吸道分泌物接触而发生的。平均而言，一个人每年遭受2-3次寒冷攻击，但发病率随着年龄的增长而降低，这可能是由于对各种病毒菌株的耐药性积累。

There is an incubation period of 12 hours to 5 days after which the symptoms begin to appear.

Clinical Features

• 不适
• 轻微的发热
• 打喷嚏
• Profuse watery nasal discharge
• 在少数病例中，可能存在次要细菌感染

Treatment

• Nasal decongestants
• Pain relievers
• Cough syrup
• Since cold is caused by viruses, there is no use of taking antibiotics.

干草和寒冷之间有什么相似之处？

• Nasal symptoms are prominently seen in both Hayfever and Cold

What is the Difference Between Hayfever and Cold?

Hayfever vs Cold
Hayfever是一种鼻腔排放或阻塞和打喷嚏的攻击，由于过敏原而在大部分时间内持续超过一个小时。	寒冷是一种高度感染性的疾病，会引起各种鼻症状。
Cause
这是由暴露于过敏原引起的。	这是由鼻病毒，腺病毒和冠状病毒等病毒引起的。
Clinical Features
Clinical features are, · Malaise ·轻微的发热 ·打喷嚏 ·大量的水鼻排放 ·在少数病例中，可能存在次要细菌感染	Nasal irritation, profuse watery discharge and irritation of the ear and soft palate are the common clinical features.

摘要 - Hayfever vs Cold

Hayfever，也称为过敏性鼻炎，被定义为鼻腔排出或阻塞和打喷嚏的攻击，由于过敏原而在大部分时间内持续超过一个小时。另一方面，寒冷是一种高度感染性的疾病，会导致各种鼻腔症状。干草和寒冷之间的主要区别在于，干草是由非感染药物引起的，而感冒是由病毒等传染剂引起的。

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References:

1。Kumar, Parveen J., and Michael L. Clark. Kumar & Clark clinical medicine. Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, 2009.

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