The关键区别between virulent and temperate phage is that强烈的噬菌体在每个感染周期中杀死细菌,因为它们仅通过lytic cycle虽然温带噬菌体不会在感染后立即杀死细菌,因为它们同时使用裂解和lysogenic cycles.
Phages or bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Viruses reproduce via two mechanisms as lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle. There are two main types of phages based on the mechanisms of infection and killing of the host bacterium: virulent phages and temperate phages. Virulent phages replicate via the lytic cycle. Temperate phages replicate via both lytic and lysogenic cycles. Virulent phages show generalized转导, and they are capable of killing the host bacterium after each infection cycle. Temperate viruses show specialized transduction, and they do not kill the host bacterium immediately after the infection. They are able to integrate viral DNA into the bacterial chromosome and remain in theprophage stage对于几个细菌,没有杀死细菌。
内容
1.概述和关键差异
2.什么是有毒的噬菌体
3.什么是温带噬菌体
4。毒和温带噬菌体之间的相似之处
5。Side by Side Comparison – Virulent vs Temperate Phage in Tabular Form
6。概括
什么是有毒的噬菌体?
Virulent bacteriophage is a bacteriophage which kills the host bacterium by lysis. They always undergo a lytic life cycle, causing the death of host bacterium after each infection cycle. Infection of a bacterium by a virulent bacteriophage and transferring bacterial DNA to another bacterium during the second infection is known as generalized transduction. Hence, generalized transduction can be defined as the transfer of bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another bacterium by a virulent bacteriophage during the lytic cycle.
感染后,毒性噬菌体的能力有限公司ntrolling the bacterial cell mechanisms to replicate their own DNA. Viruses are also capable of degrading bacterial chromosome into small pieces and sudden disruption of the bacterial cell wall for the release of assembled phages, causing cell death.
什么是温带噬菌体?
Temperate phages are the bacteriophages that often display a lysogenic cycle. These phages can be selected between lytic and lysogenic pathways. Temperate phages carry out specialized transduction. When temperate phages infect bacteria, they are able to integrate viral DNA into bacterial chromosomes and remain in the prophage stage for several bacterial generations. Therefore, temperate phages do not lyse bacterial cells immediately after infection. During bacterial genome replication, viral DNA is subject to replication and enters new bacterial cells and survives.
Temperate phages remain dormant until induction. When the prophages are induced by certain factors, viral DNA detaches from the bacterial chromosome. Sometimes during this detachment, fragments of bacterial chromosomes get detached and remain attached to the prophage DNA. Due to induction, phages undergo lytic cycle afterwards. Viral genome replicates with attached bacterial DNA and packages inside new capsids and makes new phages. New phages release the bacterial cell by lysis.
有毒和温带噬菌体之间有什么相似之处?
- 强烈的温带噬菌体是两种类型的噬菌体。
- 他们使用细菌复制机制感染细菌并复制。
有毒和温带噬菌体有什么区别?
Virulent phages are the bacteriophages that replicate only through the lytic cycle. Meanwhile, temperate phages are the bacteriophages that replicate through both lytic and lysogenic cycles. So, this is the key difference between virulent and temperate phage. Furthermore, virulent phages cannot integrate viral genome into a bacterial chromosome while temperate phages can integrate viral genome into the bacterial chromosome.
Moreover, another difference between virulent and temperate phage is that the virulent phages lyse the bacterial cell while the temperate phages do not lyse the bacterial cells. Also, virulent phages show generalized transduction while temperate phages show specialized transduction.
下面的图表总结了有毒和温带噬菌体之间的差异。
概括– Virulent vs Temperate Phage
噬菌体有两种类型:有毒和温带。噬菌体显示了两种类型的复制类型:裂解或裂解性复制。强烈的噬菌体仅经历裂解周期,而温带噬菌体可以在裂解周期和裂解周期之间进行选择。在裂解周期中,有毒病毒不会将噬菌体的核酸整合到宿主的基因组中。在复制和组装后直接,毒性病毒将细菌细胞裂解并出来。在裂解周期中,温带病毒将噬菌体的核酸整合到宿主的基因组中,但细菌不裂解。因此,这总结了有毒和温带噬菌体之间的差异。
Reference:
1. Hannah Simmons, M.Sc. “Virulent Bacteriophages And The Lytic Cycle”. News-Medical.Net, 2020,Available here.
2.“温带噬菌体”。噬菌体顾问|phageconsultants.com,2020年,Available here.
Image Courtesy:
1.“裂解周期”xxoverflowed(CC由2.0)viaFlickr
2. SSEIFERT242的“溶物周期图 - Sarah Seifert-1” - 自己的工作(CC BY-SA 4.0)via下议院维基梅迪亚
Eléa说
Hello, I have trouble to understand something. If the virulent phage is not able to integrate its DNA into the host genome, how can we talk about “general transduction” if the virulent phage is not able to “transduce” its DNA ?
希望这很清楚,谢谢。