Difference Between Taxonomy and Phylogeny

Key Difference – Taxonomy vs Phylogeny

Taxonomy and phylogeny are two concepts involved in the classification of organisms. Taxonomy is a branch of biology that concerns the naming and classifying organisms based on their similarities and dissimilarities in their characteristics. Phylogeny is the branch of science which concerns the evolutionary relationship of a species or a group of species with a common ancestor. Thus, the key difference between taxonomy and phylogeny is thattaxonomy involves naming and classifying organisms while phylogeny involves the evolution of the species or groups of species.种系发生的税收是很重要的onomy.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Taxonomy
3.What is Phylogeny
4.分类学和系统发育之间的相似之处
5。并排比较 - 分类法与表格形式的系统发育
6。概括

What is Taxonomy?

Taxonomy is a branch of biology that names and classifies organisms based on their similarities and dissimilarities. Living as well as extinct organisms are grouped according to a set of rules in taxonomy. Organisms are included into groups by accounting their shared characteristics such as morphological characteristics, phylogenetic characteristics, DNA data, etc. Defined groups of organisms are known as taxa (singular: taxon). Taxa are given a taxonomic rank and are aggregated into super groups of higher rank to create a taxonomic hierarchy.

瑞典植物学家卡尔·林纳（Carl Linnaeus）首先引入了生物体的分类。因此，卡尔·林纳（Carl Linnaeus）被认为是分类法的父亲。他开发了一种被称为Linnaean分类法和二项式命名法，用于对生物进行分类和命名。另一个美国进化论者恩斯特·梅尔（Ernst Mayr）表示，“分类法是对生物进行分类的理论和实践”。

Taxonomy includes methodologies and principles of systematic botany and动物学。它允许在分类层次结构中重新排列动植物。分类层次结构包括八个级别。他们是领域，王国,门，班级, order, family,genus和species。域被认为是生物体分类的最高水平。有三个域。他们是Bacteria,Achaea和Eukaryota。有五个主要王国：monera, protista,fungi, plantae和Animalia。

当发现新物种时，它们将分类为分类层次结构。因此，分类学是一个永无止境的领域。分类工作每天都在寻找新生物。

What is Phylogeny?

系统发育是一种物种或一组物种的进化史。在该领域，根据进化关系将生物体分离。它认为比较cytology, comparison of DNA, morphological characters, shared ancestral and derived characters. These evolutionary relationships are important when building taxonomic groups.系统发明树are generated to show the evolutionary relationships among the groups of organisms. A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree can be defined as a branching diagram or a tree like structure which shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities. The branches of the tree indicate the divergence of new species from a common ancestor. The branching pattern of the tree explains how the species in the tree evolved from a series of common ancestors. At the end of the each horizontal line of the evolutionary tree, species are included.

However, these phylogenetic trees are hypothetic. They are built based on morphological or genetic homology. Anatomical traits reveal the evolutionary relationships while genetic differences reveal the ancestral genes.

分类学和系统发育之间有什么相似之处？

• Taxonomy and phylogeny are branches of biology
• Both branches are important for classification of organisms.

分类法和系统发育有什么区别？

分类学与系统发育
Taxonomy is the field of biology that classifies living and extinct organisms according to a set of rules.	Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group of species.
Main Concern
分类学涉及命名和分类生物。	Phylogeny concerns evolutionary relationships of organisms.
Shared Evolutionary History
分类法并未透露有关生物体共同进化史的任何信息。	Phylogeny reveals the shared evolutionary history.

摘要 - 分类学与系统发育

分类学和系统发育是与生物分类有关的两个术语。分类法描述了与分类和命名生物体有关的活动。系统发育描述了一种物种或一组物种的进化史。这是分类学和系统发育之间的差异。考虑到进化史和关系，建造系统发育树。尽管这些树是假设的结构，但在对生物体进行分类时，系统发育是分类法的有用工具。

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参考：

1. “Taxonomy.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., n.d. Web.Available here.26 July 2017.
2.“系统发育树”。可汗学院。N.P.，N.D。网络。Available here.26 July 2017.
3. OpenStax CNX. N.p., n.d. Web.Available here.26 July 2017.

Image Courtesy:

1. “Taxonomic Rank Graph” By Annina Breen – Own work(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “Phylogenetic tree” By This vector version: Eric Gaba (Sting – fr:Sting) – NASA Astrobiology Institute, found in an article (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia