Difference Between Sphingomyelin and Phosphatidylcholine

Thekey differencebetween sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholineis that sphingomyelin is a type of phosphosphinghoside while phosphatidylcholine is a type of phosphoglyceride.

鞘磷脂和磷脂酰胆碱是两种类型的phospholipids在生物膜中。磷脂是最丰富的脂质，它是生物膜的结构成分。它们是两亲分子，通常称为极性脂质。第一个磷脂是在1847年确定的。法国化学家和药剂师西奥多·尼古拉斯·戈布利（Theodore Nicolas Gobley）在鸡蛋蛋黄中发现了磷脂。他命名了这种磷脂卵磷脂（磷脂酰胆碱）。在过去的十年中，纯化的磷脂是在纳米技术和材料科学等各个领域的应用中商业生产的。磷脂具有三个子类别：磷酸甘油三酸酯，磷酸肌醇和磷酸苷剂。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Sphingomyelin
3.什么是磷脂酰胆碱
4.相似性 - 鞘磷脂和磷脂酰胆碱
5。鞘磷脂与磷脂酰胆碱的表格形式
6。摘要 - 鞘磷脂与磷脂酰胆碱

鞘磷脂是什么?

Sphingomyelin is a type of phosphosphinghoside, which is a type of phospholipids. It can usually be found in animal cell membranes, especially in the髓鞘that surroundsnerve cell axons.它由磷胆碱和神经酰胺或磷酸乙醇胺头组组成。通常，鞘磷脂具有磷胆碱头，鞘氨酸和脂肪酸。它被鞘磷脂酶水解。水解后，它会产生脂肪酸，不饱和氨基醇，磷酸和胆碱。鞘磷脂首先由德国化学家约翰·L·W（Johann L.W.）隔离。1880年代的thudicum。该分子的结构于1927年首次报道为N-酰基鞘氨醇-1-磷酸胆碱。

Figure 01: Sphingomyelin Synthesis

The sphingomyelin content in mammals ranges from 2 to 15 % in most tissues. The highest concentration is in nerve tissues, red blood cells, and ocular lenses. Sphingomyelin has specific structural and functional roles in the cell. The metabolism of this molecule creates a lot of products that play significant roles in the cell. Sphingomyelin plays a pivotal role in signal transduction and cell apoptosis. Moreover, sphingomyelin is involved in lipid microdomains (lipid raft) that give more rigidity to the plasma membrane. The sphingomyelin accumulation in the spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and brain causes a hereditary disease called Niemann–Pick disease. This is due to the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid sphingomyelinase. This condition causes irreversible nerve damages.

什么是磷脂酰胆碱？

磷脂酰胆碱是磷脂的一种类型。这是法国化学家和药剂师西奥多·尼古拉斯·戈布利（Theodore Nicolas Gobley）在1847年在鸡蛋蛋黄中发现的第一个磷脂。最初，该化合物称为卵磷脂（磷脂酰胆碱）。Gobley在1874年完全描述了卵磷脂的化学结构。磷脂酰胆碱由甘油，脂肪酸，磷酸和胆碱组成。磷脂酶D将磷脂酰胆碱水解形成磷脂酸（PA），并将可溶性胆碱头释放到细胞质中。

Figure 02: Phosphatidylcholine

They are major components of biological membranes. Egg yolks and soya beans are the chief sources of phosphatidylcholine. It is also a major component of pulmonary surfactant. They can transport between membranes within the cell with the help of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PCTP). This molecule plays a pivotal role in cell mediated signalling. Moreover, a 2011 research reported phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) association with atherosclerosis. This is due to a deficiency of one enzyme called lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, which causes premature atherosclerosis. This condition is a hereditary familial condition. Anyhow, lecithin has numerous health benefits; for example, lecithin is recommended for the treatment of dementia and ulcerative colitis.

鞘磷脂和磷脂酰胆碱之间有什么相似之处？

Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine are phospholipids.
They both have fatty acids, phosphoric acid, and choline groups.
Both are polar lipids.
这些具有两亲性。
它们都存在于生物膜中。
Both play a pivotal role in cell signalling.

鞘磷脂和磷脂酰胆碱有什么区别？

Sphingomyelin is a type of phosphosphinghoside, while phosphatidylcholine is a type of phosphoglyceride. So, this is the key difference between sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine. Furthermore, sphingomyelin does not contain glycerol in its structure. In contrast, phosphatidylcholine contains glycerol in its structure.

The following infographic lists the differences between sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine in tabular form.

摘要 - 鞘磷脂与磷脂酰胆碱

Phospholipids are key components of all cell membranes. They are divided into three subcategories: phosphoglycerides, phosphoinositides, and phosphosphinghosides. Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine are two types of phospholipids in biological membranes. Sphingomyelin is a type of phosphosphinghoside, while phosphatidylcholine is a type of phosphoglyceride. Thus, this is the summary of the difference between sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine.