肾单位和神经元之间的差异

关键区别 - 肾单位与神经元

肾单位和神经元是我们身体的两个重要结构。这关键区别在肾单位和神经元之间肾单位is the structural and functional unit of kidney whereas neuron is the basic functional unit of the nervous system.

肾脏是我们体内的主要器官之一，它过滤了血液和排泄的尿液，废物和额外的液体。基本功能单元或肾脏的过滤器称为肾单位。一个肾脏中大约有一百万个肾单位。神经系统是一个复杂的神经和细胞网络，可传递大脑和脊髓的信息到整个身体部位。神经细胞或神经元是神经系统的基本结构和功能单位。神经元通过传输电化学信号在体内通信。

CONTENTS

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是肾单位
3。什么是神经元
4。肾单位和神经元之间的相似之处
5。并排比较 - 表格形式的肾单位与神经元
6.Summary

什么是肾单位？

肾单位是肾脏的基本功能单位or the excretory system. Nephron is made up of many cells. The main function of the nephron is the filtration of blood and produce urine with the purpose of removing waste and extra fluid from the body. There are over a million of nephrons in one kidney.

肾单位由两个主要部分，即肾细胞和肾小管组成。肾球体包括glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule。传入小动脉enters to the renal corpuscle with blood filled with waste and unnecessary chemicals. Glomerulus filters fluid and waste into the capsule without letting blood cells and necessary molecules to leave the blood. Efferent arteriole leaves the glomerulus with filtered blood.

Renal tubule starts from the capsule, and the first part of the renal tubule is known asproximal convoluted tubule。这n the special area called Henle loop runs and enters into the second part of the renal tubule known as distal convoluted tubule. Useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood from the renal tubule. Many distal convoluted tubules connect into a single collecting duct, and it excretes urine and waste from the body.

什么是神经元？

神经元也称为神经细胞是神经系统的结构和功能单位。我们体内有数十亿个神经细胞。它们将电化学信号从中枢神经系统（脑和脊髓）传输到人体的各个部位。神经元是一个由三个基本部分组成的单个单元axon, dendrites和细胞体。神经元由于其细胞过程从细胞体传播而与其他细胞不同。细胞体包含核，线粒体和其他细胞细胞器。

树突接收动作电位并移交给轴突以传递到第二个或靶神经元。神经元没有物理上的联系。它们通过称为Synapse的特殊结构连接。使用神经递质（称为化学信使）的神经递质，神经元将信号从一个神经元传输到巢。有三种类型的神经元，即sensory neuron, motor neuron和Interneuron。

What are the Similarities Between Nephron and Neuron?

• Both Nephron and Neuron are basic units of two major organ systems.
• 两者都是显微镜结构。
• Both are made up of different parts which are working collectively for the main.
• Both Nephron and Neuron are functional units.

What is the Difference Between Nephron and Neuron?

Nephron vs Neuron
肾单位是肾脏的基本结构和功能单位。	神经元是神经系统的基本单位。
细胞数量
One nephron is made up of many cells.	神经元是一个单元。
主功能
肾单位过滤血液并产生尿液。	神经元传递神经冲动。
部分
Nephron is composed of the renal corpuscle, tubules, Henle loop and arterioles.	神经元由树突，细胞体和轴突组成。
传导动作电位
肾单位无法发挥作用潜力。	神经元can conduct an action potential.
细胞之间的通信
Nephron cannot communicate between cells.	神经元can communicate with other neurons.
Waste Removal from the Body
肾脏从我们体内清除废物。	神经元无法从我们体内清除废物。
在健康的成年人中
Healthy adult has approximately 0.8 to 1.5 nephrons in each kidney.	健康的成年人有数十亿个神经元。
尿液产生
Nephron is involved with urine production.	神经元is not involved in urine production.
类型
Nephrons are two types:cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons.	神经元是三种类型：感觉神经元，运动神经元和中间神经元。
Myelin Sheath
Nephron does not contain myelin sheaths.	Many neurons have myelin sheath around their axons for the rapid signal transmission.

概括 -肾单位vs神经元

Basic functional units of kidney and nervous system are known as nephron and neuron respectively. Nephron and neuron are two different structures. The nephron is composed of many cells while neuron is a single cell. The nephron is composed of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule while neuron is composed of dendrites, soma and axon. This is the difference between nephron and neuron.

参考：

1.“神经系统：用互动解剖图片探索神经。”内向。在这里可用
2. Britannica，百科全书的编辑。“神经元。”2017年12月8日，英国百科全书，英国百科全书。在这里可用
3.“侄子：肾脏的功能单元。”互动生物学，与莱斯利·塞缪尔（Leslie Samuel），2017年1月16日。在这里可用

图片提供：

1.尼夫隆的生理学by madhero88 - 自己的工作（CC由3.0）通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2.’1206神经元OpenStax，，，，（CC由4.0）通过下议院维基梅迪亚