Key Difference – Hypersplenism vs Splenomegaly
Thespleenis an organ located in the left hypochondriac region of the腹部. When the红细胞approach the end of their lifespan, they are sent to the spleen. Inside the spleen, the red cells (old and damaged ones) are disintegrated. Some of the products of this disintegration are recycled, and the others are excreted as metabolic waste. Accordingly, the spleen can be considered as the graveyard of the red cells. However, in some instances, the spleen becomes overactive and starts to destroy the young red cells which are nowhere near the end of their lifespan. This condition is known as the hypersplenism. When the spleen enlarges unduly, this is called the splenomegaly. The key difference between hypersplenism and splenomegaly is thathypersplenism is a functional abnormality of the spleen, whereas splenomegaly is a structural abnormality.
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Splenomegaly
3.What is Hypersplenism
4.超脾和脾肿大之间的相似之处
5.Side by Side Comparison – Hypersplenism vs Splenomegaly in Tabular Form
6。概括
什么是脾肿大？
顾名思义，脾肿大是脾脏的异常增大。通常在左肋骨边缘下感觉到脾脏。但是，如果有大量的脾肿大，可以感觉到脾脏延伸到右叶窝。
Causes of Splenomegaly
充血原因
- Portal高血压in conditions such as肝硬化，肝静脉阻塞和门静脉血栓形成
- Congestive cardiac failure
- 收缩的心心炎
感染原因
- 心内膜炎
- Septicemia
- Tuberculosis
- Brucellosis
- Hepatitis
- 疟疾
- Trypanosomiasis
- 利什曼病
- 组织胞浆病
Inflammatory Causes
- 结节病
- SLE
- 费尔蒂综合症
Hematological Disorders
- 大型贫血贫血
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Hemoglobinopathies
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- 慢性髓细胞性白血病
- Myelofibrosis
- Lymphomas
Lysosomal Storage Diseases
- 高彻的疾病
- Niemann- Pick disease
图01：脾肿大
Investigations
The investigations we select vary depending on the suspected etiology.
- 超声扫描或计算机断层扫描（这些有助于确定脾脏密度的任何变化，这是淋巴增生性疾病的特征。）
- Biopsy of abdominal and superficial lymph nodes
- 胸部X射线
- 全血细胞计数
What is Tropical Splenomegaly Syndrome?
This condition is characterized by a massive splenomegaly of unknown etiology and it is mainly seen in the tropical countries.
临床表现
What is Hypersplenism?
在正常情况下，将5％的红细胞和约30％的血小板聚集在脾脏中。但是，当脾脏增大（这意味着当存在脾肿大时），脾脏中血红素细胞的比例会增加。因此，在脾脏中合并的红细胞和血小板的数量分别增加了40％和90％。因此，正是脾脏的扩大导致其过度活动。
Hypersplenism, therefore, has main two unique features.
- Presence of an enlarged spleen
- 尽管骨髓活性正常，但一条或多种细胞系（细胞质）却降低了
脾肿大和脾气暴性之间有什么相似之处？
- Both splenomegaly and hypersplenism are abnormalities of the spleen.
Any pathology resulting in splenomegaly gives rise to hypersplenism as well because it is the enlargement of the spleen that makes it overactive.
What is the Difference Between Splenomegaly and Hypersplenism?
脾肿大与脾气暴躁 |
|
| 脾肿大是过度enlargement of the spleen. | 超脾脏的特征是脾肿大和至少一条细胞系的减少。 |
| Type | |
| 脾肿大是一种结构异常。 | Hypersplenism is a functional abnormality. |
概括– Splenomegaly and Hypersplenism
Both splenomegaly and hypersplenism are two abnormal conditions of the spleen. The difference between splenomegaly and hypersplenism depends on the nature of the abnormality; splenomegaly is a structural abnormality whereas hypersplenism is a functional abnormality. Splenomegaly can also result in hypersplenism.
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Reference:
1. Walker Brian，Nicki R. Colledge，Stuart Ralston和Ian Penman编辑。戴维森的医学原理和实践。第22版。N.P。：Elsevier Health Sciences，2013年。印刷。
2. Hoffbrand, A. V., and P. A. H. Moss. Essential haematology. 6th ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Print.
Image Courtesy:
1. “Splenomegalie bei CLL (labeled)” By Hellerhoff. Labeling by Mikael Häggström – File:Splenomegalie bei CLL.jpg, (CC BY-SA 3.0） 通过Commons Wikimedia
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