之间的区别Cytokines and Interleukins

Key Difference – Cytokinesvs Interleukins

An inflammatory response is an免疫反应这是由于感染而发生的。为了引发免疫反应，某些化学物质由免疫细胞分泌。这些炎症化学物质的存在是许多临床条件的生物标志物。细胞因子是小细胞因感染后炎症而分泌的小蛋白质，其中包括趋化因子，白细胞蛋白酶和干扰素等许多类型。列列明素是蛋白质分泌的蛋白质白细胞该作用于另一种类型的白细胞。这关键区别between cytokines and interleukins is that细胞因子属于作用于炎症的更广泛的化学分子，而白介素是该大型群体的一部分，该子集专门针对白细胞。

1。概述和关键差异
2。What are Cytokines
3。What are Interleukins
4。Similarities Between Cytokines and Interleukins
5.并排比较 - 表格形式的细胞因子与白元素
6.Summary

什么是细胞因子？

Cytokines are cell signaling molecules that aid cell to cell communication in immune responses and stimulate the movement of cells towards the sites of炎，，，，infection, and trauma. Cytokines are small proteins which have a specific function. Cytokines act as激素in signaling cells to activate its immune mechanisms. Cytokines interact between cells and are mediated by receptors which identify the signal of the specific cytokine. Cytokines are a broad group of signaling molecules which includes chemokines, lymphokines, adipokines, interferons, and interleukins.

Similar to hormones, cytokines have several methods in which they act;

Autocrine – acts on the same cell in which it is been secreted
旁分线 - 作用于一个分泌的近距离细胞
Endocrine- acts on a distant cell to which it is secreted

Its secretion by the cells is termed to be Pleiotropic.多效性is the condition in which different cell types are capable of secreting a single cytokine or vice versa where one cytokine is capable of acting on different cell types.

Figure 01: B cell activation by Cytokines

细胞因子的产生是通过一系列反应进行的。细胞因子主要由T辅助细胞andMacrophages。然后，产生的细胞因子鉴定其特定受体并与其结合。然后，靶细胞处的细胞因子 - 受体缔合引发了一系列反应，从而导致基因表达改变以触发免疫反应。细胞因子可以根据其反应过程进行协同或拮抗作用。这是因为多种细胞因子参与触发炎症。

Cytokines are further divided as pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. They act as specific biomarkers in diseases conditions involving inflammation (that includes infections) and non – communicable diseases such as diabetes.

什么是列列扬斯？

白细胞介素（IL）是在白细胞中表达的小蛋白质。它们主要由白细胞分泌，并作用于另一个白细胞。有不同类型的白细胞介素。因此，其功能是多种多样的。白介素的作用机理是旁分泌。白细胞介素通过激活或抑制转录来影响近乎by细胞并改变蛋白质的基因表达。白细胞介素通过与一类被称为的受体结合来引发一系列反应tyrosinereceptor激酶（TRK）。这将激活G蛋白偶联受体，从而导致二级蛋白的共价修饰，这将影响mRNAand alter the gene expression.

Key Difference Between Cytokines and Interleukins

图02：白介素

列列酮具有不同的类型，并且具有多种功能。主要是白介素可以充当促炎性分子或抗炎分子。促炎性IL包括IL-1β和IL-6。IL-1β由单核细胞和巨噬细胞以及非免疫细胞分泌成纤维细胞and内皮细胞。这些都是分泌细胞损伤,感染，，，，invasion, and inflammation. IL-6 is mainly secreted by the neuronal cells and is involved in regulating proteins in neuronal function.

Anti-inflammatory interleukins include interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13. Among these, IL-10 is a major anti-inflammatory interleukin. IL-10 has the ability to repress the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and IL-6. It is also involved in upregulating the anti-inflammatory receptors and simultaneously down-regulating the pro-inflammatory receptors. Thus it acts as a counter-regulatory mechanism.

What are the Similarities Between Cytokines and Interleukins?

Both are protein molecules.
两者都会引起炎症反应。
Both can be either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory.
Both can act as markers of inflammation in specific clinical scenarios.
Both bind to specific receptors and initiate a cascade or reactions.
两者都导致基因表达在转录水平上的改变。

细胞因子和白细胞介素有什么区别？

细胞因子vs interleukins
细胞因子是小细胞因感染后炎症而分泌的小蛋白质，其中包括趋化因子，白细胞蛋白酶和干扰素等许多类型。	白细胞素是从白细胞分泌的小蛋白质，其作用于另一种白细胞。
影响
细胞因子效应可以是自分泌，旁分泌或内分泌。	白介素效应主要是旁分泌。
分泌
Cytokine secretion is initiated by T Helper cells.	Interleukin secretion is initiated by hematopoietic cells.

摘要 - 细胞因子vs Interleukins

细胞因子和白介素是炎症后分泌的蛋白质，可以诱导或抑制炎症，可以识别为强烈的免疫反应。细胞因子是一组广泛的蛋白质分子，而白介素是一组从白细胞分泌的蛋白质分子。这可以描述为细胞因子和白细胞介金之间的差异。目前，该领域的许多类型的研究被称为炎症的生物标志物。因此，这些生物标志物在血液中的存在是对许多疾病和临床表现的早期诊断。

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参考：

1。“Interleukin.” Interleukin – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics.在这里可用
2。Zhang, Jun-Ming, and Jianxiong An. “Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain.” International anesthesiology clinics, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2007.在这里可用