细胞因子和趋化因子之间的差异

KeyDifference – Cytokinesvs趋化因子

免疫可以是天生的或适应性的。在他们里面，immune responsesare of different types.Inflammationis an immune response observed in both先天和适应性免疫. Inflammation occurs through protein molecules known as cytokines. Cytokines are secretory small proteins. They are secreted as an inflammatory response. They are classified into a broader class which includes chemokines, cytokines,列列金斯, and interferons. Chemokines are a type of cytokines that participate in inducing chemotaxis. The key difference between cytokines and chemokines is that thecytokines belong to a broader group of chemical molecules that act on inflammation, whereas chemokines are a subset of that large group which has the ability induce chemotaxis.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是细胞因子
3.什么是趋化因子
4.细胞因子和趋化因子之间的相似性
5。Side by Side Comparison – Cytokines vs Chemokines in Tabular Form
6。概括

什么是细胞因子?

细胞因子are inflammatory molecules which are small proteins secreted by cells. They have a variety of functions. Cytokines also act as hormones. Cytokines are initially produced by specialized cells such asT Helper cells和巨噬细胞. They bind to a specific receptor and initiate a cascade of reactions to trigger an immune response. among them, the receptor – cytokine complex is very specific. Mostly cytokines result in altering gene expression at a transcriptional level. Cytokines are also a broader group of signaling molecules. This group includes chemokines, lymphokines, adipokines, interferons, and interleukins.

细胞因子have three main ways in which they act;

• 自分泌 - 作用于与其分泌的同一单元
• 旁分线 - 作用于一个被分泌的近距离细胞
• 内分泌作用于被分泌的遥远细胞。

细胞因子are Pleiotropic in nature. Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which different cell types are capable of secreting a single cytokine or where one cytokine is capable of acting on different cell types. Cytokines can act synergistically or antagonistically. This is due to the fact that more than one cytokine is involved in producing an inflammatory reaction. Cytokines can be further classified as pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

什么是趋化因子?

趋化细胞因子称为趋化因子。它是一组不同类型的蛋白质分子。趋化因子具有低分子量蛋白质颗粒。它的主要功能是激活leukocytes和facilitate its migration to the target site. Chemokines are divided into 4 main groups. This categorization is based on the characteristic in conservedcysteine残留在趋化因子中。这四组是；

• CC趋化因子
  • RANTES, monocyte chemoattractant protein or MCP-1, monocyte inflammatory protein or MIP-1α, and MIP-1β
• CXC趋化因子
• C趋化因子（淋巴结蛋白）
• CXXXC趋化因子（分面）

趋化因子绑定到一个特定的蛋白质受体initiate the cascade reactions. These receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptors and result in activation of small GTPases. This will result in preparing the cells for movement by the development of肌动蛋白以及肌动蛋白聚合以及伪足类和整合素的发展。

Depending upon the functionality, chemokines consist of two different types; Inflammatory chemokines andhomeostatic趋化因子。炎性趋化因子诱导炎症，而稳态趋化因子参与lymphocyte迁移，淋巴机构的发展，例如spleen和angiogenesis.

细胞因子和趋化因子之间有什么相似之处？

• Both are biomolecules composed of proteins.
• 两者都在炎症后分泌。
• 两者都有在特定临床情况下充当炎症标志物的能力。
• 两者都与特定受体结合，形成受体 - 蛋白质（细胞因子 /趋化因子）复合物。
• 两者都有能力发起一系列反应。

What is the Difference Between Cytokines and Chemokines?

细胞因子vs趋化因子
细胞因子是细胞响应炎症的细胞分泌的小蛋白质，它们包括许多类型，包括趋化因子，白细胞介绍和干扰素。	趋化因子are proteins which induce chemotaxis of leukocytes.
Effects
细胞因子会影响体内许多细胞。	趋化因子mainly affect leukocytes and lymphocytes.
Conserved Cysteine Residues
Conserved cysteine residues are present in cytokines.	Conserved cysteine residues are absent in chemokines.
Types
趋化因子，白介素，干扰素是细胞因子的类型。	C-C趋化因子，C-X-C趋化因子，C趋化因子，CXXXC趋化因子是趋化因子的类型。
功能
Mainly pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory.	主要是炎症或稳态。

概括– Cytokinesvs趋化因子

细胞因子和趋化因子是参与免疫反应的小分子量蛋白。趋化因子属于主要细胞因子群，但专门起作用趋化细胞因子。因此，它驱动白细胞的激活及其迁移到靶标。细胞因子和趋化因子与激素相似，在与其受体结合后引起一系列反应。这可以作为细胞因子和趋化因子之间的差异。现在;这两种蛋白质分子均被用作早期生物标志物来鉴定疾病，并分析人体对临床状况的反应，例如atherosclerosis,diabetes和感染。

Download the PDF Version of Cytokines vs Chemokines

You can download PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation note. Please download PDF version here细胞因子和趋化因子之间的差异

Reference:

1.“Chemokine.” Chemokine – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics.Available here
2.“Chemokines: Introduction.” British Society for Immunology.Available here
3.Zhang, Jun-Ming, and Jianxiong An. “Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain.” International anesthesiology clinics, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2007.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.'ebola pathenogensis path’s ebola pathenogensis.svg：chyran and Chloederivitavigation：Chyranandchloe（谈话） - 埃博拉病毒pathenogensis.svg（公共领域）Commons Wikimedia
2.’Chtxchemokinestruct’撰写的Kohlasz21（Kohidai，Laszlo） - 自己的工作(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia