先天和适应性免疫之间的差异

Thekey difference在先天和适应性免疫之间是innate immunity is a fast immune response that provides the first line of immunological defence against infections while adaptive immunity is a slow immune response mediated by theT and B lymphocytes。

免疫系统的主要功能是捍卫宿主免受pathogensand toxins. The cells of the immune system remain as individual cells, rather than forming into organs. These immune cells are present throughout the body. However, these cells of the immune system work in a cooperative manner to complete their task for the body. The unique characteristic feature of the immune system is that it can recognize its own molecules from foreign molecules. Generally, an immune response involves a number of key stages: pathogen recognition, activation and initiation, regulation, and the generation of immunological memory. The vertebrate immune system comprises of two basic branches; innate and adaptive immunity. Although these immunities have different roles, they generally act together in fighting an infection.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是先天免疫力
3.什么是自适应免疫力
4.Similarities Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity
5.并排比较 - 先天性与自适应免疫以表格形式
6。概括

什么是先天免疫力?

The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is the part of the immune system that provides the first line of immunological defence against infection. The molecules and receptors of the immune system provide a broad range of protection. In fact, it is the natural immunity of all plants and animals. It generates a diverse set of molecules that can recognize virtually any invading pathogen.

Basically, the first response is slow and highly specific to invading pathogens. However, the response to a second attack is more rapid, and it is the basis for vaccines. The innate immune system comprises different cells such as eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, tor-like receptors (TLRs), and a series of soluble mediators such as complement system.

什么是自适应免疫力?

自适应或特定的免疫系统主要攻击特定的入侵者。它由高度专业的细胞组成，称为胸腺衍生的T淋巴细胞细胞和骨髓衍生的B淋巴细胞细胞。这些细胞能够以非常精确的方式识别不同的外抗原，并具有产生免疫记忆的能力，从而允许识别以前遇到的病原体。

自适应免疫有两种类型：humoral immunity and cellular immunity。B淋巴细胞分泌的抗体分子可以中和细胞外的病原体，介导体液免疫，而T淋巴细胞可以消除感染细胞并为其他免疫反应提供帮助，介导细胞免疫。

What are the Similarities Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity?

• Innate and adaptive immunity are two types of immune systems present in our body.
• 两种免疫系统都针对病原体作用并保护我们的身体。

先天和适应性免疫有什么区别？

The key difference between innate and adaptive immunity is that innate immunity is a fast immune response that provides the first line of immunological defence against infections while adaptive immunity is a slow immune response mediated by the T and B lymphocytes. Moreover, innate immunity is present at birth, while adaptive immunity develops after exposure to an antigen.

Furthermore, innate immunity is non-specific and acts on a wide range of pathogens, while adaptive immunity is highly specific. Also, another significant difference between innate and adaptive immunity is their components. Innate immunity comprises physical and chemical barriers, phagocytic leukocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and plasma proteins while adaptive immunity comprises T and B lymphocytes.

Moreover, the response of innate immunity is fast, while the response of adaptive immunity is slow. In addition, a further difference between innate and adaptive immunity is that the innate immunity is not capable of developing immunological memory, while adaptive immunity is able to develop immunological memory against specific antigens.

概括– Innate vs Adaptive Immunity

先天免疫和适应性免疫是我们体内运行的两种主要免疫力。先天免疫以非特异性方式提供了感染的第一道防线。尽管先天免疫是非特异性的，但它非常快。相反，适应性免疫可提供缓慢而特异性的免疫力。暴露于抗原后会激活它。此外，适应性免疫能够对抗原产生免疫记忆。因此，这是先天和适应性免疫之间差异的摘要。

Reference:

1. “Innate Immunity.” Khan Academy, Khan Academy,Available here。
2. Alberts, Bruce. “The Adaptive Immune System.” Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th Edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1970,Available here。

Image Courtesy:

1. “Innate Immune cells” By Template drawing and caption text from “The Immune System” (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “T cell activation” By T_cell_activation.png: Template drawing and caption text from “The Immune System“, (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia