Difference Between Cyclotron and Betatron

Thekey difference在Cyclotron和Betatron之间是cyclotron uses a spiral path, whereas betatron uses a circular path for accelerating charged particles.

Cyclotron and betatron are two types of particle accelerators. Cyclotron is the earliest form of the accelerator, while betatron is modern compared to it. Both these systems use磁场和电场for the acceleration.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Cyclotron
3.什么是betatron
4.并排比较 - 表格中的回旋子与betatron
5.概括

What is Cyclotron?

回旋子是一种粒子加速器，用于使用螺旋路径加速带电的颗粒。该设备可用于带电的原子或亚原子颗粒。该设备的创始人是欧内斯特·奥兰多·劳伦斯（Ernest Orlando Lawrence）。

当考虑一个回旋加速器的设计,它反对tains two hollow semicircular (spiral)electrodes。这些电极称为dees。并且，这两个电极背对背安装，并将其放置在磁铁极线之间的疏散室中。

When considering the method of operation, it has an electric field which is alternating in itspolarity。The particles that need to be accelerated are formed near the centre of the device. Here, the electric field propels the particles into the dees. Also, there is a magnetic field that guides the particles in a semicircular path. With time, the particles are accelerated from one dee to the other.

However, this device can accelerate protons with energies less than 25 million eV. Therefore, it is a major limitation to this device. In order to overcome this limitation, we can vary the frequency of alternating voltage impressed on the dees. Then the device is called a synchrocyclotron.

什么是betatron?

Betatron is a type of particle accelerator that is modified mainly to accelerate beta particles or electrons. This device uses an electric field and a magnetic field for the acceleration. The particles are accelerated in a circular orbit.

在考虑Betatron的结构时，它包含撤离管。该管将其制成圆形环，并嵌入电磁体中。电磁体的绕组平行于圆管。在这里，交替的电流倾向于产生一个不同的磁场，该磁场会定期逆转方向。电子加速度受两种力的影响：作用于运动方向的力和力与运动方向成直角。这两种力对于维持环中电子的圆路径很重要。

What is the Difference Between Cyclotron and Betatron?

回旋子是一种粒子加速器，用于使用螺旋路径加速带电的颗粒。Betatron is a type of particle accelerator that is modified mainly to accelerate beta particles or electrons. The key difference between cyclotron and betatron is that cyclotron uses a spiral path, whereas betatron uses a circular path for accelerating electrons.

Moreover, another difference between cyclotron and betatron is that cyclotron contains two electrodes called dees mounted back to back while betatron contains an evacuated tube which is made into a circular loop and this loop is embedded in an electromagnet. When considering the method of operation, in a cyclotron, charged particles are accelerated from one dee to the other due to the effect of electric field and magnetic field. In betatron, the electrons are accelerated due to the action of two forces: force acting in the direction of the motion and forces acting in right angles to the direction of the motion.

Below infographic shows more comparisons related to the difference between cyclotron and betatron.

摘要 - 汽车与贝塔龙

Cyclotron and betatron are two types of particle accelerators. The key difference between cyclotron and betatron is that cyclotron uses a spiral path, whereas betatron uses a circular path for accelerating charged particles.

Reference:

1. “Cyclotron.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 8 Feb. 2018,Available here。
2. “Cyclotron.” Hyperphysics,Available here。
3. “Cyclotron.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Mar. 2020,Available here。

Image Courtesy:

1. “Cyclotron diagram” By Unknown author – Retrieved November 3, 2014 from Radio-Craft, Radcraft Publications, Springfield, Massachusetts, Vol. 18, No. 9, June 1947 p. 23 on American Radio History archive (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “Melbourne University 35MeV Betatron” By Suzie Sheehy – Own work(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia