Thekey differencebetween co and post translational modification is thatco-translational modification is a type ofproteinmodification which occurs during the synthesis while post-translational modification is a type of modification that occurs after the initial synthesis is completed.
蛋白质是活生物体的必不可少的大量营养素。基因通过gene expression. Gene expression takes place through two major steps:转录和翻译. Gene expression is a complex process which is tightly regulated in order to produce an accurate and fully functional protein. Hence, there are modifications occurring during the gene expression. There are three levels of protein modifications. They are pre translational, co-translational and post-translational modifications. Co-translational modifications take place during the translation process while post-translational modifications take place after translation or protein synthesis. As a result of all these modifications, a mature protein product which is crucial for cells is formed at the end of the gene expression.
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是CO翻译修改
3.什么是翻译后修改
4.CO和后翻译修改之间的相似之处
5.Side by Side Comparison – Co vs Post Translational Modification in Tabular Form
6。概括
什么是CO翻译修改?
Co translational modifications are a type of protein modifications that take place during translation. Therefore, these modifications happen during protein synthesis. Co-translational modifications mainly occur inRER. Newly synthesizing polypeptides undergo co-translational modifications. Some of the co-translational modifications are regulation of translation, protein folding and processing, myristoylation, prenylation and palmitoylation.N-linked glycosylation is a step involved in protein folding in the RER. Moreover, molecular chaperons in RER facilitate protein folding.

图01:CO翻译修改
What is a Post Translational Modification?
翻译后修饰是翻译后蛋白质的共价或酶促修饰。因此,蛋白质生物合成后进行翻译后修饰。这些修饰发生在几个细胞细胞器中,例如RER,高尔基体,内体,溶酶体和分泌囊泡。通常,翻译后修饰是增加蛋白质功能多样性的结构修饰。它通过添加官能团或蛋白质,调节亚基的蛋白水解裂解或整个蛋白质的降解发生。

Figure 02: Post Translational Modification
翻译后修饰的实例包括磷酸化,糖基化,泛素化,亚硝基化,甲基化,乙酰化,脂肪和蛋白水解。翻译后修饰至关重要,因为它们几乎影响细胞生物学的所有方面。成熟的功能蛋白是在细胞翻译后修饰后产生的。它们增加了细胞内蛋白质组的复杂性。同样,翻译后修饰对于细胞生物学和疾病治疗和预防的研究至关重要。
CO和后翻译修改之间有什么相似之处?
- Co and post-translational modifications are two of the three levels of protein modifications.
- Both types are structural modifications.
- They take place during and after translation.
- 它们对于产生稳定的蛋白质结构和适当的功能至关重要。
- Both co and post-translational modifications take place in RER.
CO和后翻译修改有什么区别?
Co-translational modification is a type of protein modification which happens during the translation while the post-translational modification is a type of protein modification which happens after translation. Thus, this is the key difference between co and post translational modification. Co translational modifications happen mainly in the RER while post-translational modifications happen in different organelles including RER, Golgi, endosomes, lysosomes and secretory vesicles.
Moreover, regulation of translation, protein folding and processing, myristoylation, prenylation and palmitoylation are several co-translational modifications while phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, nitrosylation, methylation, acetylation, lipidation and proteolysis are several post-translational modifications.
Below is a summary of the difference between co and post translational modification in tabular form.
概括– Co vs Post Translational Modification
蛋白质修饰对于产生稳定的蛋白质结构和最终适当的功能至关重要。CO和翻译后修饰是两个这样的蛋白质修饰。翻译过程中发生共同修改。这些修饰发生在粗糙的内质网中。但是,翻译后修饰发生在蛋白质的翻译或生物合成后。它们发生在几个不同的细胞细胞器中,包括RER,高尔基体,溶酶体,内体和分泌囊泡等。翻译后修饰会增加蛋白质组学多样性,从而影响细胞生物学的所有方面。因此,这些是CO和翻译后修饰之间的主要区别。
Reference:
1. Shandala, Tetyana, et al. “Protein: Cotranslational and Posttranslational Modification in Organelles.” Wiley Online Library, American Cancer Society, 17 Jan. 2011,Available here.
2.“翻译后修改的概述:Thermo Fisher Scientific - US。”翻译后修改概述|Thermo Fisher Scientific - 美国,Available here.
Image Courtesy:
1. A. Zinovyev,N。Morozova,A。N。Gorban,A。Harel-Belan的“ miRNA机制” - MicroRNA介导的翻译抑制机制的数学建模,ARXIV:1202.1243V2 [q-bio.mn](CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. KEP17的“裂解后翻译后修改” - 自己的工作(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
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