Difference Between Chromatin Fiber and Chromosome

关键区别 - 染色质纤维vs染色体

Eukaryotic organismshave anucleusin their cells and trueorganellescovered with membranes. The genome of these organisms is located inside the nucleus. The humangenome由23个同源对中的总共46个染色体组成。DNA的总长度在细胞中的这46个染色体中包装。在DNA包装期间，DNA形成带正电蛋白的复合物，并作为称为染色质纤维的稳定结构存在。染色质纤维统称为染色体。Chromatin fiber can be defined as a fiber composed of DNA andhistone proteincomplexes. A chromosome can be defined as a thread like structure composed of chromatin fibers.This is thekey differencebetween chromatin and chromosomes.

CONTENTS

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is a Chromatin Fiber
3.What is a Chromosome
4.染色质纤维和染色体之间的相似性
5.Side by Side Comparison – Chromatin Fiber vs Chromosome in Tabular Form
6.概括

What is a Chromatin Fiber?

Chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins. The basic unitof the chromatin isnucleosome。核小体由包裹核心组蛋白蛋白的DNA片段组成。核心蛋白是由八种组蛋白蛋白制成的八兆。DNA碎片在八个组蛋白蛋白周围绕了1.65次。

Nucleosomes appear as beads in a string. Nucleosomes fold many times and form the 30 nm chromatin fiber. Chromatin fibers compress and fold to produce wider chromatin fibers. Chromatin fibers coil tightly into染色单体of a chromosome. Chromatin appears as a diffuse mass of genetic material during the initial stage of thecell division。

什么是染色体？

染色体是由核酸和蛋白质组成的螺纹，其中包含真核生物的遗传信息。染色体在细胞核内排列。他们以基因的形式携带有机体的完整遗传信息。基因是合成蛋白质的信息的存储库。组蛋白蛋白支持核内染色体DNA的包装。组蛋白蛋白提供绕组DNA的能量和空间。因此，组蛋白是线轴样蛋白，有助于将DNA很好地包装到染色质纤维中。人基因组由23个同源染色体对组成。在这23对中，22对被认为是常染色体染色体，而一对是sex chromosomes。

The number of chromosomes and the size of chromosomes differ among the living organisms. Bacteria possess one or two circular chromosomes while most of the eukaryotic organisms have linear chromosomes. Prokaryotic chromosomes are not enclosed by anuclear membrane, unlike eukaryotic chromosomes.

Cell division is a process in which new daughter cells are produced. During the cell division, chromosomes uncoil to facilitate the beginning of DNA synthesis. Chromosomes are not visible in normal cells. However, during the cell division, they start to appear as a diffuse mass of chromatin fibers initially and then as separate chromosomes during theprophaseandmetaphaseof the cell division. Then DNA replicates and produces a new set of chromosomes for the newly synthesized cells.

What are the Similarities Between Chromatin Fiber and Chromosome?

• Chromatin and chromosomes possess DNA and proteins.
• 染色质纤维和染色体均由紧密包装的DNA组成。
• Both Chromatin Fiber and Chromosome structures are extremely important for living organisms.

What is the Difference Between Chromatin Fiber and Chromosome?

Chromatin Fiber vs Chromosome
Chromatin fiber is a complex of DNA and histone proteins.	染色体is a tread like structure made from chromatin fibers and that contains genes.
Function
Chromatin fiber gives a stable structure to genomic DNA.	染色体具有生物体的遗传信息，并传递给细胞分裂期间的子孙后代。
Structure
Chromatin fiber is composed of nucleosomes.	染色体is composed of chromatids and acentromere。

概括–Chromatin Fibervs染色体

染色体是螺纹状结构，其中DNA分子包装。它们是生物体遗传信息的存储库。生物体之间的染色体及其形状的数量有所不同。人类细胞包含46个染色体，分别为23个同源对。原核生物拥有的染色体数量较少，这些染色体不会被核膜包围。染色体有四个染色单体和一个丝粒区域。在正常细胞中不可见染色体。它们在显微镜下的细胞分裂期间变得可见。染色体DNA作为染色质纤维存在。染色质纤维是DNA和组蛋白蛋白的复合物。 The basic unit of the chromatin is nucleosome and nucleosomes are composed of a segment of DNA wrapped around eight histone proteins. Nucleosomes coil into loops and form tightly compacted chromatin fibers. Chromatin fibers coil tightly and form chromatids and chromatids form chromosomes. This is how DNA is packaged inside a small space of nucleus within a cell. This is the difference between chromatin and chromosome.

Reference:

1.Nature News, Nature Publishing Group.Available here
2.The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Chromosome.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 15 Jan. 2018.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.'Nucleus＆Chromatin领土结构’(CC BY-SA 2.5)viaCommons Wikimedia
2.’Figure 10 01 03’ByCNX OpenStax(CC BY 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia