之间的区别肺不张and Pneumothorax

关键区别 - 胃张力与气胸

肺不张和气胸是两种肺部疾病，如果不适当治疗，可能会导致致命后果。Pneumothoraxis the presence of air inside the pleural cavity whereas atelectasis is the complete or partial collapse of alung或肺叶。尽管这两种疾病之间几乎没有主要差异，但肺炎和气胸之间的关键差异是胸膜腔中存在或不存在空气（除非肺炎胸膜舒张的原因是气胸。）。

CONTENTS

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是肺不张
3。What is Pneumothorax
4。颈椎和气胸之间的相似之处
5。并排比较 - 表格形式的胃张力与气胸
6。Summary

什么是肺不张？

肺的肺或肺部的完全或部分塌陷定义为肺不张。我们的肺有数百万个空气的囊alveoli通过这种气体交换发生。这些填充空间的通缩导致整个受影响区域的肺组织塌陷。

在临床上，已经观察到两种主要类型的肺不骨。

Obstructive Atelectasis

当气道有阻塞时，肺泡没有收到使它们充气所需的空气供应。因此，开发了负肺泡内压。肺泡内部和外部压力的不平衡压缩了空气囊，导致肺组织塌陷。腹部努力形成的速率取决于主要三个因素，

• 气道的一部分被阻塞
• Presence of collateral air supply between the affected and non-affected segments
• Nature of the obstruction

原因

• Mucous plugs
• Foreign bodies
• 肿瘤

Pathophysiology

如前所述，在气道发生阻塞后，被困在阻塞点远端的空气完全被通过肺部流通的血液吸收毛细血管。Eventually, a negative air pressure develops inside the alveoli. The negative pressure inside the alveoli draws the fluid out of the capillaries, resulting in their accumulation inside the air sacs. This predisposes the development of infections.

塌陷的肺组织压缩了相邻的血管，从而增加了血管对血液的抗性。这种情况进一​​步恶化血管收缩这是由缺氧。对血液流动的抗性增加使血液从肺部受影响区域移开。因此，只有很少影响主动脉血的氧饱和度。

Nonobstructive Atelectasis

When atelectasis develops owing to a nonobstructive cause, that type is identified as the nonobstructive atelectasis. Here, the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura loose contact with each other and this underlies the pathological basis of the entire process.

Pathophysiology

由特殊类型的肺泡上皮细胞产生的表面活性剂在减少肺泡内部的表面张力并防止其塌陷方面起着关键作用。因此，任何对表面活性剂产生产生影响的疾病都可能是肺不张症的原因。

原因

• 呼吸窘迫综合征（通常在新生儿中看到）

症状of Atelectasis

• 有限公司ugh
• 呼吸困难
• Dizziness
• 有时胸痛

症状的持续时间对于诊断非常重要。

Investigations

• 胸部X射线
• CT scan
• 血氧仪
• 野马hoscopy
• 如果怀疑存在肿瘤，则可能有必要进行活检。

Management

The management of atelectasis depends on the underlying cause

• 手术清除阻塞
• 胸部理疗
• 任何相关感染都可以用抗生素治疗

What is Pneumothorax?

胸膜腔内的空气的存在定义为气胸。在过去，将空气注入胸膜腔以治疗结核。This was called the artificial pneumothorax. Spontaneous pneumothorax is the sudden entry of air into the pleural cavity without any apparent reason. Further investigations often reveal the rupturing of a bulla.

当顶胸膜损坏时，空气可以从外部进入胸腔腔。在大多数情况下，这是由于刺伤等穿透伤害而发生的。这种类型的气胸称为开放气胸。

A flap of damaged skin can act as a valve. Therefore, each time the patient inspires, the air enters the pleural cavity with the opening of the valve like flap of the skin. But during expiration, the flap remains closed, preventing the escape of air. Consequently, air accumulates inside the pleural cavity, increasing the intrapleural pressure. The buildup of the intra pleural pressure pushes the mediastinum to the opposite direction. This fatal condition is called the tension pneumothorax.

无论类型如何，胸膜腔中空气的积累都会在所有形式的气胸形式中对受影响的肺部施加不适当的压力。这会压缩肺组织，从而导致其塌陷。换句话说，气胸可能是肺不张的原因。

原因

• 胸部受伤
• Mechanical ventilation
• 肺部疾病
• 巴拉破裂

症状

• 呼吸困难
• 有限公司ugh
• 胸痛

Investigations

• 胸部X射线
• Sometimes CT scans are also done

Treatment

• Chest tube insertion
• Surgical intervention to close the air leak

肺炎和气胸之间的相似之处是什么

• Both conditions are pulmonary disorders creating an imbalance in the pressure inside and outside the lung tissues.

• 受影响的肺在两种情况下完全或部分崩溃。

What is the Difference Between Atelectasis and Pneumothorax?

胃张张与气胸
肺的肺或肺部的完全或部分塌陷定义为肺不张。	胸膜腔内的空气的存在定义为气胸。
原因
肺不张can be due to numerous causes.	Pneumothorax can cause atelectasis, but atelectasis cannot cause pneumothorax.
Air in Pleural Cavity
Pleural cavity does not contain air unless the cause of atelectasis is pneumothorax.	胸腔空腔包含空气。
Pressure
负压在肺泡内部积聚。	胸腔腔内积极的正压。

摘要 - 肺不张与气胸

Pneumothorax is the presence of air inside the pleural cavity whereas atelectasis is the complete or partial collapse of a lung or lobe of a lung. The difference between atelectasis and pneumothorax is the presence or absence of air inside the pleural cavity. These are serious conditions which are sometimes considered as medical emergencies. Clinicians should have the practice and the necessary skills to diagnose and manage the patients presenting with these diseases within the least possible duration. Failure to do so puts the patient’s life in danger.

下载腹部疑问vs pneumothorax的PDF版本

You can download PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation note. Please download PDF version here之间的区别肺不张and Pneumothorax.

参考：

1。Snell, Richard S. Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions. 9th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2。Hall, John E. Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. 12th ed., Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2010.

图片提供：

1.布鲁塞布劳（Bruceblaus（CC BY-SA 4.0）通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2。“Blausen 0742 Pneumothorax” By “Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014”. WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. – Own work（CC由3.0）通过下议院维基梅迪亚