危害与灾难
要了解危害与灾难之间的区别,应该注意其性质。尽管科学和技术取得了一切进步,但面对自然灾害,人类却无助于被称为灾难,这是由于毁灭性的踪迹,这些灾难在造成的生命和财产造成的损失方面。但是灾难并不总是自然的,而且有人造灾难也。灾难是可能是自然或人为危险的结果,在本文中,我们将区分两者。
What is a Hazard?
危害是对生命,健康,环境或财产构成威胁的情况。Earthquakes,洪水,tsunamis,,,,wildfires, landslides, droughts, andvolcanic eruptions是造成大量破坏的自然危害。它们是自然的现象,不考虑人类,并且不考虑建筑环境或人口的局势。当这些危害中的任何一个发生在荒凉的区域,它不会对人类的生命或财产造成伤害。因此,尽管从技术上讲,如果它在人口稠密的地区发生,它就不会被称为灾难。那时很明显,危险是有可能造成广泛破坏和生命和财产损失的事件。但是,当危险袭击没有人口的地区,尽管它仍然具有破坏性的特性,但它并未被称为灾难。
当有天然危害时,无法预防它们。但是,我们当然可以通过不采取可以将危险变成重大灾难的步骤来学会与自然和谐相处。如果有人考虑到灾难袭击和避免灾难的成本时我们最终付出的成本,我们得出的结论是,做好准备是谨慎的,而不是大规模邀请大自然的愤怒。
When it comes to hazards, there are several types of hazards. They are Physical (heat, noise, vibration), Chemical (leakages of chemical compounds, fires), Biological (parasites,,,,viruses,,,,细菌),心理和辐射危害。
What is a Disaster?
灾难是一个完全破坏社区正常方式的事件。它给社区带来了人类,经济和环境损失,社区无法自行承担。地震,洪水,海啸,野火,山体滑坡,干旱和火山喷发被称为灾难,当时它们发生在众人居住的地方。Tornadosand台风在世界许多地方经常发生,但只有在发生建筑环境和人口的地方才被标记为灾难。
There are factors that are manmade and that help in turning a hazard into a disaster. The way and the speed in which deforestation is taking place in many parts of the world have resulted in an increased frequency of floods that lead to widespread destruction. Earthquakes in seismic zones that are prone to them cannot be prevented but high concentration of human population and inadequately built houses that cannot withstand earthquakes lead to disasters at a very high level resulting in loss of valuable lives.
Also, for manmade disasters we can give examples such as fires, transport accidents, nuclear radiation, explosions, etc.
危害和灾难有什么区别?
• A hazard is a situation where there is a threat to life, health, environment or property.
•灾难是完全破坏社区正常方式的事件。它给社区带来了人类,经济和环境损失,社区无法自行承担。
•灾害是自然的或人造的现象re a feature of our planet and cannot be prevented. In their dormant state, hazards just pose a threat to life and property.
•这些危害在造成广泛破坏财产和人类时被称为灾难。一旦危险变得活跃,不再只是威胁,就会成为一场灾难。
• Both hazards and disasters are natural as well as manmade.
•如果我们学会与自然和谐相处并采取预防措施,我们可以防止危害成为灾难。
These are the difference between hazard and disaster.
Images Courtesy:生物危害andRuins from the 1906 San Francisco earthquakevia Wikicommons (Public Domain)
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它与犯罪科学研究(犯罪学)和罪犯有何关系?这是危害和灾难之间的差异
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