聚合物和大分子之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween polymer and macromolecule is that the聚合物is a macromolecule with a repeating unit calledmonomerthroughout the molecular structure whereas, not every macromolecule has a monomer in their structure.

聚合物和大分子之间的差异源于聚合物是大分子的细分。大分子是具有高分子量的极大分子。此外，我们可以根据其结构将大分子分为两个主要类别。即它们是聚合分子和非聚合分子。另一方面，聚合物由小分子的聚合形成，即单体。但是，所有大分子都不包含整个结构重复的单体单元。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is a Polymer
3.What is a Macromolecule
4.Side by Side Comparison – Polymer vs Macromolecule in Tabular Form
5.概括

What is a Polymer?

The word polymer means many parts (“poly” = many and “mer” = parts); this term originated from two Greek words “polus” (= many) and “meros” (= parts). Polymer is a huge molecule containing identical building blocks. Each polymer has a repeating unit called the monomer. Furthermore, there are naturally occurring polymers as well as artificially synthesized polymers. For example, shellac, wool, silk, natural rubber and amber are some of the natural polymers.Celluloseis another natural polymer which we can find in wood and paper. Also,生物聚合物occur in biological systems; proteins (polyamides), nucleic acids (polynucleotides) and carbohydrates are few examples of bio-polymers.

Besides, in the modern world, there are a large number of artificial synthesized polymers, which have numerous uses in our day to day life. These materials are very convenient to use. For example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), synthetic rubber and phenol formaldehyde resin (Bakelite) are some of the mostly abundant artificial polymers. However, many of the artificial polymers are not bio-degradable.

http://https://vimeo.com/160880037

聚合物的分类

Properties of polymers vary depending on the structure and the bonding type of the molecule. Also, addition of polymers usually occurs across the carbon-carbon double bond. Furthermore, it also includes ring opening systems.Vinyl polymersmostly fall into this category.

聚合物	Formula	Monomer
Polyethylene 低密度(左DPE)	–(CH2-CH2)n–	ethylene CH2=CH2
Polyethylene high density (HDPE)	–(CH2-CH2)n–	ethylene CH2=CH2
聚丙烯 （PP）不同等级	–[CH2-CH(CH3)]n–	propylene CH2=CHCH3
Poly(vinyl chloride) （PVC）	–(CH2-CHCL）n–	vinyl chloride CH2=CHCl
Polystyrene (PS)	–[CH2-CH(C6H5)]n–	styrene CH2=CHC6H5
Polyacrylonitrile （Pan，Orlon，Acrilan）	–(CH2-CHCN)n–	丙烯腈 CH2=CHCN
Polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE，特氟龙）	–(CF2-CF2)n–	四氟乙烯 CF2=CF2
Poly(vinyl acetate) （PVAC）	–(CH2-CHOCOCH3)n–	乙酸乙烯酯 CH2=CHOCOCH3

Moreover, many artificial polymers are solids with various and useful physical properties. Most of them are inert (water resistant, corrosion resistant), flexible (elastic), and have a low melting point (can be moulded easily).

高分子是什么?

Macromolecule is a giant molecule that consists of thousands of atoms. It has a molecular weight ranging from several thousands to several millions and the size from several tens of nanometers (nm) to few centimetres (cm). For example, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are some of the macromolecules.

在这里，一些大分子是重复单元（单体）的倍数，它们是聚合物。碳水化合物，蛋白质和脂质含有单体。但是，我们不能将某些大分子分为单个实体。其中一些分子具有大环。例如，脂肪是通过四个分子凝结（缩合）合成的大分子（甘油and 3-脂肪酸), but it is not a polymer.

What is the Difference Between Polymer and Macromolecule?

大分子和聚合物都是巨型分子。同样，聚合物是一个大分子，其在整个分子结构中具有重复单元，“单体”。但是，并非所有大分子都是聚合物。因为，我们不能将其中的一些分为小单位。也就是说，并非每个大分子都有一个单体。因此，聚合物和大分子之间的关键差异是聚合物是一个大分子，其在整个分子结构中，其重复单元称为单体，而不是每个大分子的结构中都有一个单体。同样，聚合物和大分子之间的另一个区别是，大分子均包含聚合物和非聚合物分子，但聚合物仅包括聚合分子。

The below infographic presents difference between polymer and macromolecule in tabular form.

概括– Polymer vs Macromolecule

Macromolecule is the molecule with large molecular weight. Therefore, molecular weight is the factor that matters in macromolecule. However, unlike in macromolecules, polymer may or may not have large molecular weights. It forms by repeating a small structural unit in their structure. Thus, most of the polymers have a large molecular weight. Furthermore, the polymer that has a very large molecular weight is a macromolecule. On the other hand, there can be polymerized or non-polymerized molecules in macromolecules. Therefore, in brief, if a polymer has a relatively high molecular weight, we name it as macromolecule. Hence, this summarizes the difference between polymer and macromolecule.

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