What is the Difference Between Myristoylation and Palmitoylation

Thekey difference between myristoylation and palmitoylationis thatMyristoylation是一个不可逆转的过程，而棕榈酰化是可逆的过程.

Myristoylationis a type of lipid modification reaction in which a myristoyl group is covalently added through anamide bondto the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal glycine residue. Palmitoylation is a type of lipid modification reaction in which the covalent bonding of脂肪酸发生半胱氨酸。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Myristoylation
3.What is Palmitoylation
4.Myristoylationvs Palmitoylation in Tabular Form
5.摘要 - Myristoylation vs Palmitoylation

What is Myristoylation?

Myristoylationis a type of lipid modification reaction in which a myristoyl group is covalently added through an amide bond to the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal glycine residue. The myristoyl group is derived from the myristic acid. Myristic acid is a saturated fatty acid having 14 carbon atoms per molecule. Myristoylation is a lipidation, which is the most found type of fatty酰化在许多生物中，例如动物，植物，真菌，病毒和原生动物。该反应涉及弱蛋白质 - 蛋白质和蛋白质 - 脂质相互作用，该相互作用在膜靶向，信号转导途径中具有重要作用，等等。

When considering the mechanism of the Myristoylation reaction, it occurs via nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction. This reaction process is important not only in diversifying the functions of a protein but also in adding layers of regulation to the protein. E.g. This process is involved in membrane association and cellular localization of the modified protein.

What is Palmitoylation?

Palmitoylation is a type of lipid modification reaction in which the covalent bonding of fatty acids to cysteine occurs. The major fatty acid that is being added like this is palmitic acid, and the addition may occur not only tocysteinebut also to serine and threonine less frequently. Typically, these proteins are membrane proteins.

通常，棕榈酰化增强了蛋白质的疏水性，并有助于膜关联。它似乎在膜室之间蛋白质的亚细胞运输和调节蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用中也起着重要作用。这个化学过程是一个动态过程。这也是翻译后的过程。

Moreover, palmitoylation mediates the affinity of a protein for lipid rafts and facilitates the clustering of proteins. This clustering can increase the proximity of the two molecules. Apart from that, the clustering can sequester a protein away from a substrate.

What is the Difference Between Myristoylation and Palmitoylation?

Myristoylationand Palmitoylation are lipid-modifying chemical processes. Myristoylation is a type of lipid modification reaction in which a myristoyl group is covalently added to the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal glycine residue through an amide bond, whereas palmitoylation is a type of lipid modification reaction in which fatty acids are covalently bonded to cysteine. The key difference between myristoylation and palmitoylation is that myristoylation is an irreversible process, whereas palmitoylation is a reversible process. Furthermore, myristoylation reaction involves weak protein–protein and protein–lipid interactions which has an important role in membrane targeting, functions in signal transduction pathways, etc. whereas palmitoylation enhances the hydrophobicity of proteins and it contributes to the membrane association.

The following table summarizes the difference between myristoylation and palmitoylation.

摘要 - Myristoylation vs Palmitoylation

Myristoylationand palmitoylation are lipid-modifying chemical processes. The key difference between myristoylation and palmitoylation is that myristoylation is an irreversible process, whereas palmitoylation is a reversible process.

Reference:

1.“”Myristoylation.”概述|ScienceDirect主题.

Image Courtesy:

1.“”Myristoylationmechanism” By Lengkr – Own work(CC BY-SA 3.0)via Commons Wikimedia
2. “Gephyrinc” By Borislav Dejanovic,Marcus Semtner,Silvia Ebert,Tobias Lamkemeyer,Franziska Neuser,Bernhard Lüscher,Jochen C. Meier,Guenter Schwarz – figure 9 [1] of “Palmitoylation of Gephyrin Controls Receptor Clustering and Plasticity of GABAergic Synapses“(CC BY-SA 4.0)via Commons Wikimedia