同源重组和非同源重组有什么区别

Thekey difference同源重组和非同源重组之间is that homologous recombination takes place through strand invasion to produce recombinant染色体, while non-homologous recombination takes place through end processing to seal double-stranded breaks.

重组是基因组进化和多样化的重要过程。修复受损的DNA的过程是遗传重组的机理。同源重组由一系列相互关联的途径组成，这些途径有助于修复双链DNA断裂和晶体间交联。非同源重组是一种与DNA双链修复有关的途径，尤其是在较高的真核生物中。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.世界卫生大会t is Homologous Recombination
3.世界卫生大会t is Non-homologous Recombination
4.Similarities – Homologous Recombination and Non-homologous Recombination
5.同源重组vs Non-homologous Recombination in Tabular Form
6。Summary – Homologous Recombination vs Non-homologous Recombination

什么是同源重组？

Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination that takes place duringmeiosis。来自男性和女性父母的成对染色体在同源重组过程中对齐，因此成对的染色体的类似DNA序列相互交叉。这被称为链入侵。这样的跨界result in the shuffling of genetic material, causing genetic variation among offspring. Homologous recombination is mainly used to repair harmful breaks occurring in DNA through a process called homologous recombination repair. Such DNA repair tends to result in non-crossover products, restoring the damaged DNA molecule as it was before the double-strand break.

在水平基因转移期间使用同源重组，以在各种细菌和病毒菌株之间交换遗传物质。在所有域以及DNA和RNA病毒中，同源重组都是保守的。因此，同源重组几乎是一种普遍的生物学机制。这与增加对癌症，基因靶向和基因治疗的易感性密切相关。它对于真核生物的细胞分裂至关重要。由电离辐射或破坏化学物质引起的同源重组维修DNA损伤。除了DNA修复外，它还有助于通过减数分裂细胞分裂产生遗传多样性，成为专门的配子细胞。

世界卫生大会t is Non-Homologous Recombination?

Non-homologous recombination is a pathway that repairs DNA double-strand breaks. It is referred to as non-homologous since the break ends directly ligate without the need for a homologous template. This pathway is usually guided by short DNA sequences called microhomologies. These exist in single-stranded overhangs on the ends of DNA double-strand breaks.

当这些悬垂性完全兼容时，非同源重组准确地修复了断裂。不适当的非同源重组会导致肿瘤细胞的易位和端粒融合。几乎所有生物系统中都存在非同源重组途径，并且是哺乳动物中主要的双链破裂修复途径。在这种途径灭活期间，双链断裂可以通过更容易出错的途径来修复。通过这种途径进行维修导致微观理学之间的DNA序列的缺失。古细菌和细菌缺乏非同源途径。相反，在非同源重组途径中，真核生物利用了许多蛋白质。这是在诸如结束和束缚，结束处理和连接等步骤中进行的。

同源R之间的相似之处是什么ecombinationand Non-homologous Recombination?

• Homologous and non-homologous recombination are genetic recombinant pathways.
• Both repair double-strand breaks in DNA.
• 在两个过程中，DNA链之间进行重组。
• 此外，它们主要发生在真核生物中。
• 它们在基因靶向和基因疗法中很重要。

同源r之间有什么区别ecombinationand Non-homologous Recombination?

Homologous recombination takes place through strand invasion to produce recombinant chromosomes, while non-homologous recombination takes place through end processing to seal double-stranded breaks. Thus, this is the key difference between homologous recombination and non-homologous recombination. Also, homologous recombination takes place between long DNA strands while non-homologous recombination is guided by short DNA sequences. Moreover, homologous recombination takes place in eukaryotes, bacteria, and viruses while non-homologous recombination takes place mainly in eukaryotes.

The below infographic presents the differences between homologous recombination and non-homologous recombination in tabular form for side by side comparison。

Summary – Homologous vs Non-homologous Recombination

Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination that takes place during meiosis with the need for a template. Meanwhile, non-homologous recombination is a pathway that repairs DNA double-strand breaks. It is referred to as non-homologous since the break ends directly ligate without the need for a homologous template. Moreover, homologous recombination takes place through strand invasion to produce recombinant chromosomes. Whereas, the non-homologous recombination takes place through end processing to seal double-stranded breaks. Besides, homologous recombination takes place between long DNA strands and in eukaryotes, bacteria, and viruses. But, non-homologous recombination is guided by short DNA sequences and happens mainly in eukaryotes. So, this summarizes the difference between homologous recombination and non-homologous recombination.

Reference:

1.“”同源重组。”Genome.gov。
2. “Non-Homologous End Joining。”An Overview | ScienceDirect Topics.

Image Courtesy:

1.“”HR in meiosis” By Emw – Own work(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过Commons Wikimedia
2. “Non homologous end joining and microhomology mediated end joining” cynth3004在英语Wikipedia上(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过Commons Wikimedia