这关键区别X失活和基因组印记之间X inactivation is the process by which one copy ofX染色体在某些女性中被灭活,而基因组印记是一个取决于原始父母的过程,这是一个过程基因被差异表达。
X inactivation and genomic imprinting are two processes that can lead to monoallelic expression. In simple words, both phenomena cause the turning off of one copy of a gene. Genomic imprinting takes place in specific genes, while X inactivation causes inactivation of genes in the entire X chromosome. However, both processes result in decreased基因表达。
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是X失活
3。什么是基因组印迹
4。Similarities Between X Inactivation and Genomic Imprinting
5。并排比较 - x失活与基因组印记以表格形式
6。Summary
什么是X失活?
X失活发生在某些女性中。它是一个X染色体的灭活,它变成了X灭活中的转录无活性结构。一旦发生这种情况,该X染色体将在细胞的整个生命周期及其在生物体中的后代中保持不活跃。灭活的X染色体将其凝结成一个称为Barr体的紧凑结构,并稳定地保持在沉默状态。
X灭活过程取决于对两个非编码互补RNA的控制。此外,X灭活可能会随机发生,也可能是由于印记。此外,X不活化的男性不会发生,他们只有一个X染色体。
什么是基因组印迹?
后代从其父母那里继承了两个基因副本。一份副本来自母亲,另一份来自父亲。该基因的两个副本通常都是功能性的,或以活性形式起作用。在某些情况下,只有一个基因副本保持其活性形式,而另一种基因副本则处于非活动形式。因此,一份副本“打开”,而另一份则“关闭”。因此,这是称为基因组印迹的过程。基因组烙印主要发生在生物体发展的最初阶段,并且不遵守传统的孟德尔遗产规则。此外,在基因组印记中,活性的基因副本取决于原点父母。
In humans, only a small percentage of genes undergo genomic imprinting. The majority of genes are not capable of undergoing genomic imprinting. However, this also helps in identifying evolutionary relationship patterns. Furthermore, the imprinted genes usually cluster together in chromosome regions. In humans, there are two major clusters of imprinted genes in the short (p) arm of chromosome 11 and the long (q) arm of chromosome 15.
基因组印记会由于烙印基因中的缺失或突变引起的疾病。这种遗传疾病的一些例子是普拉德·威利综合症,安吉尔曼综合症,男性不育症和某些类型的癌症。
X失活和基因组印迹之间有什么相似之处?
- One gene copy can be turned off due to both X inactivation and genomic imprinting.
- 两者都导致遗传疾病。
X失活和基因组印迹之间有什么区别?
X失活是指某些女性哺乳动物中一个整个X染色体的失活。相反,基因组印记是指根据原始父母的基因副本的差异表达。因此,这是X失活和基因组印迹之间的关键区别。
此外,X灭活发生在整个X染色体中,而基因组印记发生在某些特定基因中。因此,我们可以将其视为X失活和基因组印迹之间的另一个区别。
摘要 - X灭活与基因组印迹
X inactivation is the process in which one entire X chromosome becomes inactivated in some females. In contrast, genomic imprinting is the process in which two copies of a gene are differentially expressed. It depends on the parent of origin. Genomic imprinting does not obey the traditional Mendelian rules of inheritance. Both X inactivation and genomic imprinting are responsible for the monoallelic expression of genes. However, X inactivation takes place in the entire X chromosome while genomic imprinting takes place in some specific genes. Thus, this is the key difference between X inactivation and genomic imprinting.
参考:
1.“什么是基因组印迹和单亲疾病?- 遗传学家庭参考 - NIH。”美国国家医学图书馆,国立卫生研究院在这里可用。
2.“ X染色体:X灭活。”自然新闻,自然出版集团,在这里可用。
图片提供:
1。“Human X-Inactivation” By Lilymclaughlin01(CC BY-SA 4.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2.ArvidÅgren和Andrew G. Clark的“ Rockt” - [1] [2](CC由2.5)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
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