Difference Between X and Y Chromosomes

Key Difference – X vs Y Chromosomes

人类genomehas 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs. There are twosex chromosomes(one pair) among them known as X and Y chromosome. These two chromosomes are designated as gender determination chromosomes. Every man has X and Y chromosome and Y chromosome decides the male sex. Every woman has two X chromosomes. The key difference between X chromosome and Y chromosome is thatX chromosome does not contain SRY gene (sex-determining region Y), which is the male determining genewhileY染色体具有SRY基因。X染色体大小较大，包含更高数量的genescompared to Y chromosome. Y chromosome is smaller in size and contains only a few number of genes.

内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是X染色体
3.什么是Y染色体
4.并排比较 - X vs y染色体
5.概括

什么是X染色体？

X染色体是人类中与性别确定和性别有关的性染色体之一再生产。The shape of the X chromosome takes the letter X of the alphabet. It contains about 155 million base pair of DNA and represents approximately 5% of total DNA of a cell in a female. Each human has at least one X chromosome in his chromosome set. Females have two X chromosomes while males have X and Y chromosome. One of the X chromosome in the female is inherited from the mother and the other X chromosome is inherited from the father. Males inherit their X chromosome exclusively from the mother.

X chromosome five times larger than the Y chromosome. The number of genes borne by the X chromosome is many times the number of genes born by the Y chromosome. There are unique genes located in X chromosome. Both X and Y chromosomes have a pseudoautosomal region. The genes in that region are common to both chromosomes and are involved in the normal development of the organism.

X chromosome has more than 1000 genes that encode variousproteins。这些蛋白质在体内发挥各种功能。但是，X染色体可能具有引起疾病的基因。他们被称为X linkedgenes. Since women have two X chromosomes, their X linked disease occurrence is high compared to men. X linked diseases are transmitted to men from his mother. A daughter can get the X linked diseases from her affected father. For example,hemophilia Ais a X linked disease which can be transmitted from affected father to his daughter.

什么是Y染色体?

Y染色体是人类基因组中的性染色体之一。它是男性的基因组，被认为是人类基因组中最小的染色体之一。Y染色体的存在决定了男孩的男性。它带有一个名为SRY基因的男性确定基因。SRY基因的表达导致一种称为SRY蛋白的蛋白质，该蛋白启动了导致睾丸发育和预防女性生殖结构发育的过程。Y染色体的形状类似于字母中的字母Y。Y染色体的大小小于X染色体。因此，与X染色体相比，它包含较少数量的基因（约50个基因）。某些基因是Y染色体独有的，而位于伪体区域的基因与X染色体共享。位于Y染色体上的大多数基因都与雄性有关fertility。

What is the difference between X and Y Chromosomes?

X vs Y Chromosomes
X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans.	Y染色体是人类的两个性别染色体之一。
Shape
Shape of the chromosome resembles X letter in the alphabet.	Y染色体的形状类似于字母中的字母Y。
Inheritance
雄性有一个X染色体从母亲那里遗传而来，女性有两个X染色体从父母双方继承。	Only male genome contains Y chromosome; this is inherited from the father.
大小
X染色体的大小是Y染色体的五倍。	Y chromosome is smaller in size and is one of the smallest chromosomes in the human genome.
Gene Content
X chromosome contains about 1000 genes, which is many times the number in Y chromosomes.	Y chromosome contains 50 to 60 genes.
SRY Gene
X chromosome does not contain SRY gene.	Y染色体具有SRY基因。

概括– X vs Y Chromosomes

人类在其基因组中总共有23对染色体中有一对性染色体。它们被称为X和Y染色体。它们分别类似于字母的字母X和Y的形状。X染色体与Y染色体一起在确定性别中起着至关重要的作用。X染色体大于Y染色体，并具有更高数量的基因。女性有两个X染色体，而男性只有一个X染色体。雄性具有两种类型的性染色体X和Y。Y染色体包含一个称为SRY基因的男性确定基因。因此，男孩的性爱是由Y染色体完全决定的。这是X和Y染色体之间的差异。

Reference:
1. “X chromosome – Genetics Home Reference.” U.S. National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health, n.d. Web. 23 May 2017. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome/X
2. “X Chromosome.” Genetics. Encyclopedia.com, n.d. Web. 23 May 2017. http://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biology-and-genetics/genetics-and-genetic-engineering/x-chromosome
3. Arnold, Arthur P., Xuqi Chen, and Yuichiro Itoh. “What a difference an X or Y makes: sex chromosomes, gene dose, and epigenetics in sexual differentiation.” Handbook of experimental pharmacology. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2012. Web. 23 May 2017

Image Courtesy:
1. “Human chromosome X – 400 550 850 bphs” By National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine – (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “Human chromosome Y – 400 550 850 bphs” By National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia