这关键区别在遗传毒性和诱变之间是遗传毒性是物质在细胞的DNA/遗传物质上引起毒性的能力,而诱变性是药物引起的能力mutations。
遗传毒性和诱变性是两个相似的术语,通常被人们误解和互换使用。遗传毒性是化学物质或试剂对细胞基因或DNA产生的毒性作用。因此,具有遗传毒性作用的化学物质是遗传毒素。相反,诱变是物质引起或诱导突变的能力。遗传毒性化学不一定是一种诱变物质。它们可能是诱变剂。但是,所有诱变剂都是遗传毒性的,因为它们具有破坏细胞的遗传物质的特性。
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是遗传毒性
3。What is Mutagenicity
4。遗传毒性和诱变性之间的相似之处
5.Side by Side Comparison – Genotoxicity vs Mutagenicity in Tabular Form
6.Summary
什么是遗传毒性?
Genotoxicity is the ability of a substance to create toxicity on the genetic material of the cell, leading primarily the onset of cancer. Genotoxic substances can be physical and chemical substances that can alter the gene sequences, leading the changes in genetic information. If a genotoxin affects the genetic material of a somatic cell, it will not be hereditary. In contrast, if the genotoxic effect acts on germ cells, it can be hereditary. The genotoxic effect can be minimized by DNA repair mechanisms, mainly enzyme activity of the cell. Also, upon genotoxicity, cells may undergoapoptosis。
DNA损害引起的genotoxins可以分析by using different DNA assays. Common DNA damages include deletions, insertions, double-stranded breaks, chromosomal aberrations, and cross-linking. Deletions and insertions refer to the removal and addition of base pairs, respectively. Moreover, double-stranded breaks form nicks in the double-stranded DNA, thereby forming fragments of DNA. Chromosomal aberrations, on the other hand, are large scale effects that can develop into changes in the ploidy levels. Radiation and chemical agents such as alkylating agents, nitric oxides, base analogues, intercalating agents are common genotoxins.
什么是诱变性?
诱变性是药物诱导突变的能力。突变是DNA的永久性传播变化,如果不修复,会导致不同的异常条件。引起突变的药物或化学物质是诱变剂。如上所述,诱变剂是基因毒素。此外,诱变剂可以是物理,生物学或化学剂。物理诱变剂主要包括不同的辐射类型。它可以是电离或非电离辐射。这些辐射破坏了DNA的双螺旋结构,导致突变。此外,生物诱变剂包括感染细胞和攻击DNA的各种病毒。因此,这些病毒能够将其DNA掺入宿主中,从而导致突变。 Chemical mutagens, on the other hand, include base analogues, nitric oxide species, intercalating agents that can cause transitions and transversions of the DNA sequence. They lead to the formation of apurinic and apyrimidinic sites, creating mutations in DNA.
诱变的能力随着DNA修复酶的效率提高和在细胞中运行的修复机制的提高而降低。否则,突变最终会导致癌症,遗传疾病和各种并发症。
遗传毒性和诱变性之间有什么相似之处?
- Genotoxicity and mutagenicity are two phenomena that affect genes or DNA of an organism.
- 两者都能够改变细胞的遗传物质。
- 此外,每种效果都有化学和物理模式。
- 基因毒素可能是诱变剂,但所有诱变剂都是基因毒素。
- 通过在细胞中运行的DNA修复酶和机制的作用可以降低诱变性和遗传毒性。
- 两者都可能导致癌症和其他基于DNA的遗传疾病的发作。
What is the Difference Between Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity?
Genotoxicity and mutagenicity are two terms sometimes used interchangeably. However, genotoxicity refers to the ability of an agent or a chemical to pose a toxic effect on the genetic material of a cell while mutagenicity is the property of an agent or a substance to create or induce mutations in DNA. So, this is the key difference between genotoxicity and mutagenicity.
Moreover, it is important to remember that while all mutagens are genotoxic, not all genotoxic substances are mutagenic since genotoxins may be mutagens,致癌物或Teratogens。
下面的图表总结了遗传毒性和诱变性之间的差异。
Summary – Genotoxicity vs Mutagenicity
遗传毒性和诱变性都通常是指试剂改变细胞DNA的能力,从而导致不同的染色体畸变和突变。但是,从深刻的意义上讲,遗传毒性是指代理改变DNA的结构,信息含量或隔离的能力,而诱变性是指代理的特性诱导遗传突变。因此,这是遗传毒性和诱变性之间的关键区别。此外,遗传毒性不一定与诱变性有关。遗传毒素可能是致癌物或破伤儿,而不是诱变剂。但是,所有诱变剂都是基因毒素。
参考:
1。Phillips, David H, and Volker M Arlt. “Genotoxicity: Damage to DNA and Its Consequences.” EXS, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2009,在这里可用。
2. Hsu,Kuo-Hsiang等。“分子中的诱变性:使用脚手架分析识别诱变性的核心结构特征。”PLOS ONE,公共科学图书馆,2016年2月10日,在这里可用。
图片提供:
1. Genotox的“遗传毒性损害” - 自己的工作(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2. Zephyris的“苯二吡啶DNA加合物1JDG”(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
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