关键区别 - 近亲与杂货
繁殖是性生殖method performed to produce offspring with desired or beneficial characteristics over generations. Desired individuals are selected and artificially crossed to make progenies. There are different types of breeding techniques. Inbreeding and outbreeding are two types. The key difference between inbreeding and outbreeding is that近交是4到6代交配或繁殖遗传亲戚的过程while异育是一个超过4到6代人的远距离相关或无关的个体交配的过程。近亲繁殖减少了遗传变化in progenies while outbreeding increases the遗传变化在后代。
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Inbreeding
3。What is Outbreeding
4。Side by Side Comparison – Inbreeding vs Outbreeding
5.Summary
什么是近亲?
近亲繁殖是多代繁殖或跨越遗传相关的父母的过程。选择诸如兄弟姐妹之类的密切相关的个体进行近交。近交的后代将显示出增加纯合性。近交的主要目的是保持理想的特征并消除该人群中的不良特征。然而,近交可能会导致表达有害隐性突变的机会更高,如图01所示。因此,由于近交的纯合性增加,携带有害隐性性状的后代有很高的可能性。这引入了近交的后代中较低的健身水平。这种现象被称为近亲抑郁症。当近亲繁殖以较低的健身产生生物学后代时,它们无法生存和繁殖。因此,具有高纯合性的后代很容易被环境灭绝自然选择;这s is known as基因清除。
近交是一种用于选择性育种通过制造纯线来发展植物和动物中的特定表型特征。
什么是差异?
Outbreeding, also known as outcrossing, is a process of mating distantly related or unrelated two individuals. The selection of two individuals is made from two populations. The main objective of outbreeding is to produce offspring with superior characteristics or quality. These two individuals are phenotypically adapted to two different environments. Therefore the progeny of the outcross may not easily adapt to live in either environment because the outcross might produce the表型与父母中间。它不会完全适合父母环境。因此,异育并不总是会增加后代的适应性。有时,异生可能表现出较低的健身,以承受父母的环境。它被称为超重抑郁症。For example, an outcross between a large body-sized individual with a small body-sized individual may produce a medium sized offspring; the offspring may not be well adapted for parents’ environments.
在大多数情况下,异生产生的后代具有较高的质量。混合基因组在两个不同的人群中,可能会导致后代优于其两个父母。这被称为增强额and increases the genetic variation of the new genome. This increased genetic variation becomes beneficial in order to protect from灭绝由于各种因素,例如环境压力。两个无关个体之间基因的混合也增加了隐性等位基因发生有害突变的掩盖作用。
近亲和异育有什么区别?
近亲与繁殖 |
|
近亲繁殖是一种与4至6代的两个基因密切相关的父母交配的技术。 | 异育是一种从两个人群中选择的远距离相关或无关的个体之间进行的繁殖方法。 |
后代的遗传性质 | |
近亲繁殖的后代更有可能是纯合的。 | 异育增加了后代的杂种或杂种活力。 |
生物健康 | |
近交性更可能产生生物学上较低的健身后代。 | 异生更可能产生具有生物适应性的后代。 |
基因组的遗传变异 | |
近亲繁殖减少了遗传变化of progeny genomes. | Outbreeding increases the genetic variation in progeny genomes. |
Expression of Deleterious Recessive Mutations | |
There is a high probability of continuing deleterious recessive mutation in inbreeding progenies. | 估算量减少了后代中有害隐性突变表达的机会。 |
适应环境 | |
后代具有适应不断变化的环境的潜力较低。 | 后代显示出更高的适应不断变化的环境的潜力。 |
Main Objective | |
近交的主要目标是保持有益的特征并发展纯线。 | Outbreeding is done to produce offsprings with superior quality. |
摘要 - 近亲与杂货
Inbreeding and outbreeding are two breeding techniques performed by plant and animal breeders. Inbreeding is done between close relatives to maintain beneficial traits over generations. Inbreeding increases the homozygosity in the offspring. It negatively affects the offspring by giving more chance to express deleterious recessive mutations. Outbreeding is performed between unrelated or distantly related individuals over several generations. Outbreeding produces genetically diverse offspring that have a higher potential of adapting to new environments. This is the difference between inbreeding and outbreeding.
参考:
1. Monson,Christopher A.和Kirsten C. Sadler。“在野生型斑马鱼线中,近交抑郁症和繁殖抑郁症是显而易见的。”斑马鱼。玛丽·安·利伯特(Mary Ann Liebert,Inc。),2010年6月。2017年5月29日
2。“Inbreeding.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 May 2017. Web. 29 May 2017.
3。“Outbreeding depression.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 05 May 2017. Web. 29 May 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreeding_depression
4.“超出增强(杂种)。”免费词典。Farlex,n.d。网络。2017年5月29日。
图片提供:
1. EN:用户:虚构朋友 - eN:文件:设得兰群岛小马inbred.jpg(公共领域)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
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