Difference Between Whole Genome Sequencing and Exome Sequencing

Thekey differencebetween whole genome sequencing and exome sequencing is that thewhole genome sequencing sequences the entiregenome有机体的外显子组测序序列s only theexomeor the protein-coding genes of an organism.

Sequencing is a technique that determines the precise order of thenucleotidesin a particularDNA molecule. It merely reflects the correct order of the four bases; adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T) in a DNA fragment. There are several sequencing methods such asSanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing等等。此外，要么是生物体的完整基因组（整个基因组测序）或仅基因组中的蛋白质编码基因（外部测序）可以进行测序。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Whole Genome Sequencing
3.What is Exome Sequencing
4.Similarities Between Whole Genome Sequencing and Exome Sequencing
5.Side by Side Comparison – Whole Genome Sequencing vs Exome Sequencing in Tabular Form
6.概括

What is Whole Genome Sequencing?

The human genome contains almost three billion base pairs of DNA. The whole genome sequencing is a method that sequences the complete genome of an organism. Therefore, in whole genome sequencing, the consideration is on the entire collection of DNA molecules including exomes, introns, intergenic spaces, etc. Moreover, the whole genome sequencing sequences not only the genome that resides inside the nucleus but also the mitochondrial DNA as well.

在准备该测序时，第一步是提取整个DNA。然后，提取的DNA使用合适的测序方法进行测序程序。通过分析所得序列，利用生物信息学工具，我们可以找到罕见的疾病，癌症，传染病等。

What is Exome Sequencing?

外显子组是基因组的一部分，其中约有1.5％的基因组，而外显子的集合。外显子是转录mRNA，然后是最终蛋白产物的序列。因此，外显子组测序序列是基因组中的整个蛋白质编码序列。外显子组测序揭示了遗传疾病，因为大多数遗传疾病是由于蛋白质编码基因的突变而产生的。因此，遗传疾病的诊断过程经常使用外显子组测序作为诊断疾病的方法。同样，与整个基因组测序应用进行基因测试相比，外显子组测序的使用时间更少，而且价格便宜。

首先，在外显子测序中，有必要仅选择总DNA的蛋白质编码序列。请注意，人类有大约180000蛋白质编码序列。然后，使用高通量测序方法对外显子组进行测序。

What are the Similarities Between Whole Genome Sequencing and Exome Sequencing?

• Whole Genome Sequencing and Exome Sequencing are two applications of sequencing.
• Both methods are useful in determining the correct order of the nucleotide sequence in both methods.
• 此外，生物信息学有助于两种技术分析数据。

整个基因组测序和外显子组测序之间有什么区别？

Whole genome sequencing sequences the entire DNA of the genome of an organism, while the exome sequencing sequences only the protein coding sequences from the genome. Therefore, this is the fundamental difference between whole genome sequencing and exome sequencing. Also, though both methods are widely in use to determine the correct order of the nucleotide sequence, the whole genome sequencing is costly and time-consuming than the exome sequencing.

以下信息图表列出了整个基因组测序和外显子组测序之间的差异。

概括– Whole Genome Sequencing vs Exome Sequencing

测序揭示了DNA片段中碱基的精确顺序，并且可以是整个基因组测序或外显子组测序。在这里，整个基因组测序序列是生物体的完整基因组，而外显子组测序序列仅在基因组中的蛋白质编码序列。考虑到它们的应用，整个基因组测序有助于分析整个基因组中的遗传畸变，例如单核苷酸变异，缺失，插入等。因此，这是整个基因组测序和外显子组测序之间的差异。

Reference:

1.“Whole-Genome vs. Whole-Exome Sequencing vs. Targeted Sequencing Panels.” Healio, SLACK Incorporated.Available here
2.“What Are Whole Exome Sequencing and Whole Genome Sequencing? – Genetics Home Reference – NIH.” U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.”Whole genome shotgun sequencing versus Hierarchical shotgun sequencing”By Commins, J., Toft, C., Fares, M. A. – “Computational Biology Methods and Their Application to the Comparative Genomics of Endocellular Symbiotic Bacteria of Insects.”(CC BY-SA 2.5)viaCommons Wikimedia
2.”Exome Sequencing Workflow 1a”By SarahKusala – Own work,(CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia