皮肤癌和黑色素瘤之间的差异

Skin Cancer vs Melanoma

Melanoma is a type of highly invasive skin cancer. It is the most dangerous and most frequently heard of cancer of the skin. However, there are many other types of skin cancers, as well. This article will outline the causes, clinical features, symptoms, investigation and diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of skin cancers, especially of melanoma.

Melanoma

Melanoma is a highly invasive癌。这是黑素细胞无法控制的过度生长。黑素细胞负责产生皮肤色素。因此，黑色素瘤可能来自有黑素细胞的身体任何部位。在英国，每年确定3500例新案件。在过去的20年中，有800人死亡。黑色素瘤在高加索人中更为常见。它在女性中更常见。

由于皮肤细胞无法弥补的改变，所有癌症都出现了DNA。阳光是黑色素瘤的主要原因，尤其是在早期。黑色素瘤的诊断很棘手。格拉斯哥有一个清单，以确保不会错过任何案件。恶性黑色素瘤可能会改变其大小，形状和颜色。也可能存在炎症，结层，出血和感觉变化。相邻的卫星病变可能会出现，但是如果它们划分，光滑和规律，则不太可能是黑色素瘤。黑色素瘤可以细分为Lentigo Maligna，Lentigo Maligna黑色素瘤，浅表扩散，杂色，粘膜，粘膜，结节性，杂型，脱发，脱粒和灵活的黑色素瘤。尽管许多黑色素瘤符合这些基本规则，但结节性黑色素瘤却不符合这些规则。它们升高，坚固的结节，正在迅速增长。当发生转移性扩散时，血清乳酸脱氢酶水平上升。CT，MRI，哨兵淋巴结活检和皮肤病变活检可能在确认诊断中起作用。确认后，大量切除了瘤可以执行。涉及的可能会通过外科手术去除。根据扩散，可能需要进行辅助免疫疗法，化学疗法和放疗。如果癌症是系统或局部晚期的，则可以给予化学疗法，免疫疗法和放疗。

Prevention of exposure to UV light is thought to be preventive of melanoma. As a rule of thumb, avoiding sun exposure between 9 am and 3 pm is a good method. Sun creams and other preparations may help, but there is a risk of allergies and other skin changes with the use of these applications. Less invasive melanomas withlymph node扩散的预后比没有淋巴结扩散的深黑色素瘤更好。当黑色素瘤扩散到淋巴结时，涉及的节点的数量与预后有关。据说广泛的转移性黑色素瘤是无法治愈的。诊断后6到12个月的患者倾向于生存。

Skin Cancers

Skin tumors are abnormal growths of skin cells. These can be divided into two categories. They are benign and malignant. Benign tumors are slow growing masses of tissue that will not spread to other places or invade surrounding structures. Malignant tumors invade surrounding structure as well as spread to distant locations via血液和淋巴。这些包含癌症片段的远处被称为转移部位。肝，，，，kidneys，前列腺，椎骨和大脑是一些众所周知的位置否cancer spreads.

Sunlight causes cancer, especially with prolonged exposure. Ultra violet light, tobacco,human papillomavirus，，，，ionizing radiation， 低的免疫先天性黑素细胞NEVI综合征等先天性条件是皮肤癌的一些已知原因。

皮肤由多层细胞组成。机器人tom most layer is the actively dividing basal cell layer. This layer is the most susceptible to malignant changes. Basal cell cancers are the commonest type of skin cancer. However, they are less invasive than malignant melanoma. The superficial layers are made up of progressively flat cells called squamous cells. These cells acquire keratin as they travel to the outer surface of the skin from the deeper layers. These cells can also undergo malignant transformation and give rise to鳞状细胞癌。These are less common than basal cell carcinomas. They metastasize more frequently than basal cell cancers. Interspersed between the basal cells in the deepest layer of the skin are melanocytes. These are the pigment cells of the skin. When these cells undergo malignant transformation, melanomas arise. These are highly invasive cancers.

Basal cell cancers通常在阳光暴露的皮肤区域看到。它们显示为珍珠，苍白，光滑和凸起的斑块。头部，脖子，肩膀和手臂受到影响。有毛细血管扩张（肿瘤内的小血管）。可能会出血和结皮，给人以非治疗的印象ulcer。基底细胞癌是所有皮肤癌的致命性最低，并且可以通过适当的治疗完全治愈。

鳞状细胞癌以红色，鳞片状，皮肤增厚为红色。如果未经处理，它们可能达到令人震惊的尺寸。它们是危险的，但不如黑色素瘤。

恶性黑色素瘤以变​​化的颜色和不规则边缘为大的，不对称的，不对称的斑块。恶性黑色素瘤迅速转移，非常致命。

皮肤癌的治疗depends on age, stage, spread, and recurrence. Type of cancer also affects the treatment decisions. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective against basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Melanoma is resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. Micrographic surgery is a method where the cancer is removed with the minimum amount of surrounding tissue.

黑色素瘤比基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌更致命。黑色素瘤不太常见其他两种癌症。黑色素瘤比其他两种类型的传播更多。

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