RIA和ELISA之间的差异| Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms

Thekey differencebetween RIA and ELISA is that放射免疫测定（RIA）是一种使用的免疫测定技术放射性同位素to detectantigen-antibodycomplexes while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an immunoassay technique that usesenzymesto detect antigen-antibody complexes.

Detection of specific proteins such as antigens is extremely important in disease diagnosis. Therefore, RIA and ELISA are two immunoassay techniques used in laboratories to detect specific proteins rapidly, especially antigens. Generally, a specific antibody binds to the target antigen and forms a visible complex known asprecipitin.These antibody and antigen complexes can be identified through different techniques. The technique of detecting the antigen-antibody complex by using radioisotopes is known as RIA, and the technique of detecting the antigen-antibody complex by using enzymes is known as ELISA.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is RIA
3.What is ELISA
4.RIA和ELISA之间的相似之处
5。并排比较 - 表格形式的RIA vs ELISA
6。概括

What is RIA?

Radioimmunoassay(RIA) is an immunoassay technique that detects antigen and antibody complexes using radioisotopes. Rosalyn Sussman Yalow developed this technique in 1960 with the help of Solomon Berson. For this remarkable discovery, Rosalyn Sussman Yalow won the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1977. Typically, in radioimmunoassay, a known quantity of an antigen is first made radioactive This technique frequently uses gamma-radioactive isotopes of iodine, called 125-I, to label antigens. These radioisotopes normally attach to the tyrosine amino acid of the antigen. Then the radiolabelled antigen is mixed with antibody. As a result, the radiolabelled antigen and antibody specifically bind to one another.

后来，添加了包含未知量的同一抗原的血清样品。这导致血清中未标记的抗原与放射性标记的抗原竞争抗体结合位点。随着未标记抗原的浓度增加，它更多的结合与抗体结合，取代了放射性标记的变体。因此，它降低了抗体结合的放射性标记抗原与游离放射性标记抗原的比率。在过程结束时，结合的抗原被分开。最终，使用伽马计数器测量其余上清液中游离抗原的放射性。

什么是Elisa？

ELISA is an immunoassay technique that detects antigen and antibody complexes by using enzymes. It is a biochemical analytical assay first described by Engvall and Perlmann in 1971. In most simple forms of ELISA techniques, antigens of the patient sample are attached to a solid surface. Then a matching antibody is applied over the surface, so it can bind to the antigen.

图01：ELISA

This particular antibody is linked to an enzyme. Later, any unbound antibodies are removed by washing with detergent. In the final step of this technique, the enzyme’s substrate is added. If there is a proper binding of antigen and antibody, the subsequent reaction produces a detectable colour signal, most commonly a colour change.

RIA和ELISA之间有什么相似之处？

RIA和ELISA是免疫测定技术。
两种技术都有抗原和抗体复合物的形成。
这些技术可用于检测样品中未知的蛋白质。
They are both used in diseases diagnosis in laboratories.
两者都是高度特异性和敏感的技术。

RIA和ELISA有什么区别？

RIA是一种免疫分析技术检测of the antigen-antibody complex by using radioisotopes. ELISA is an immunoassay technique for the detection of the antigen-antibody complex by using enzymes. So, this is the key difference between RIA and ELISA. Moreover, in the RIA technique, the antigen is labelled, but in ELISA, the antibody is labelled. Furthermore, in the RIA technique, labelling molecules are radioisotopes, whereas, in ELISA, labelling molecules are enzymes. Thus, this is another difference between RIA and ELISA.

以下信息图显示了RIA和ELISA在表格形式中的差异。

概括– RIA vs ELISA

Immunoassays play a very important role in various bioanalytical settings, such as clinical diagnostics, biopharmaceutical analysis, environmental monitoring, biosecurity, and food testing. Since the 1960s, a wide range of immunoassays has been developed. RIA and ELISA are both immunoassay techniques. RIA is an immunoassay technique for detecting antigen-antibody complex by using radioisotopes. ELISA is an immunoassay technique for detecting antigen-antibody complex by using enzymes. Thus, this is the summary of the difference between RIA and ELISA.

Reference:

1. Dutta，Sanchari Sinha博士。“什么是免疫测定？”新闻，2018年12月20日，Available here.
2. Cox, Karen L. “Immunoassay Methods.” Assay Guidance Manual [Internet]., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 8 July 2019,Available here.