初级和次要社会化之间的差异

Key Difference – Primary vs Secondary Socialization

Let us first gain a general idea of socialization, before looking at the difference between Primary and Secondary Socialization. Socialization refers to the process whereby an individual, mostly a child becomes socialized. This includes getting to know of one’s社会和culture. It is through this that the child learns the attitudes, values, norms, mores, taboos and various social and cultural elements. When a child is born, he is unaware of the social and cultural elements. This is why it is necessary to socialize the child so that he becomes a member of the society. Socialization is mainly twofold. They are primary socialization and secondary socialization.Primary socializationrefers to the process where the child becomessocialized through the family in the early childhood years.Secondary socializationbegins where primary socialization ended. This includes therole played by other social agents such as education, peer groups, etc. This is thekey differencebetween the two. Through this article let us examine the difference further.

What is Primary Socialization?

Primary socialization refers to the process where the child becomes socialized through the家庭in the early childhood years.这强调了主要社会化过程中的关键因素是家庭。让我们通过一个简单的示例来理解这一点。一个家庭中一个很小的孩子对他的文化知之甚少。他没有意识到价值观，社会规范，实践等。通过家庭，孩子才能知道接受的是什么，而在特定社会中不是什么。

根据Talcott帕森斯,两个特定的进程s are conducted by the family when speaking of primary socialization . They are,

1. Internalization of the society’s culture
2. 结构性格

Parsons states that the mere learning of one’s culture is insufficient as it can lead to the ceasing of the society. Instead, he proposes internalization of culture, which will assist in the continuity of one’s culture. Secondly, he explains that the personality of the child is molded in accordance to his culture and setting. In this sense, the family operates as a factory that produces the necessary type of personality. Now let us move on to secondary socialization.

What is Secondary Socialization?

Secondary socialization refers to the process that begins in the later years through agencies such aseducation和peergroups.This highlights that the time period in which primary socialization and secondary socialization occur differs from one another. When it comes to secondary socialization, the involvement of the family is less as other social agents or agencies take up the prominent role.

这可以通过学校清楚地理解。在学校里，孩子会获得新的体验，因为学校是家庭与社会之间的桥梁。孩子学会了被同等对待的人，而他在家里受到的特别关注。他还学会了容忍他人并与所有人合作。从这个意义上讲，孩子通过次要社会化获得的暴露与实际社会更接近。这显然突出了主要社会化和次要社会化之间的区别。可以总结如下。

主要社会化和次要社会化有什么区别？

主要和次要社会化的定义：

主要社会化：Primary socialization refers to the process where the child becomes socialized through the family in the early childhood years.

Secondary Socialization:Secondary socialization refers to the process that begins in the later years through agencies such as education and peer groups.

主要和次要社会化的特征：

Social Agents

主要社会化：Family is the primary social agent.

Secondary Socialization:Education and peer groups are some examples for secondary social agents.

Role

主要社会化：孩子首先通过主要社会化社交。

Secondary Socialization:在次要社会化中，孩子进一步社会化。

Image Courtesy:

1.“Lmspic”by Blackcatuk at en.wikipedia. [CC BY-SA 3.0] via Wikimedia Commons

2.Family drinking juice (2)By Bill Branson (Photographer) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons