物理和化学平衡之间的差异

Key Difference – PhysicalvsChemicalEquilibrium

平衡状态描述了反应混合物中反应物和产物的浓度封闭系统。平衡只能在封闭的系统中发生。在平衡, the concentrations of reactants and products remain at constant values. If the amount of reactants or products is changed, the concentration of other constituents is also changed spontaneously in order to hold the equilibrium. Based on the characteristics of equilibrium, there are two types; physical equilibrium and chemical equilibrium. Thekey difference在物理和化学平衡之间是a physical equilibrium is an equilibrium in which the physical state of the system does not change whereas chemical equilibrium is the equilibrium state in which the concentrations of reactants and products is not changed with time.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是身体平衡
3.什么是化学平衡
4.物理和化学平衡之间的相似之处
5.Side by Side Comparison – Physical vs Chemical Equilibrium in Tabular Form
6.概括

什么是身体平衡?

A physical equilibrium is an equilibrium state in which the physical state of the system does not change. Change of phase of matter from one phase to another is a physical process. Hence the equilibrium state in which the physical state does not change with time is known as the physical equilibrium. There are three main types of physical equilibrium;

1. Solid-Liquid Equilibrium

例如，冰和水之间的平衡是物理平衡，因为没有发生化学反应。任何纯物质都可以在固体和液相共存melting point该物质。熔点是固体物质开始融化的温度（转化为液体形式）。

2. 液体蒸气平衡

水与蒸汽之间的平衡是一种物理平衡，在其中不进行化学反应。但是，除非蒸气从平衡中逸出，否则这种平衡仅在封闭系统内部发生。

3. Solid-Vapour Equilibrium

This type of physical equilibrium can be observed in substances that undergo sublimation. There, the equilibrium occurs at the sublimation temperature (sublimation is the conversion of a solid directly into the vapour phase, without passing a liquid phase). For example, conversion of solid ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) into gaseous ammonium chloride.

什么是化学平衡?

化学平衡是平衡状态，其中反应物和产物的浓度不会随着时间而改变。在可逆的化学反应中可以观察到这种平衡。当可逆化学反应的前进反应以相同的速率发生时，化学平衡会产生。每种反应物和产物的浓度没有净变化，它们参与了平衡反应。

For example, the reaction betweenhydrogen gas和iodinevapour in a closed system gives a deep violet colour at the beginning which then fades with time. The deep violet colour is given by iodine vapour. The colour fades because of the reaction between iodine vapour and hydrogen gas. After some time, the colour remains constant. It is the point at which the reaction has obtained an equilibrium state. This is a chemical equilibrium.

H_2(g)+ I_2(g)↔ HI_(g)

What are the Similarities Between Physical and Chemical Equilibrium?

• 物理和化学平衡都是平衡状态的形式。
• Both Physical and Chemical Equilibrium forms have parameters that are constant with time.

What is the Difference Between Physical and Chemical Equilibrium?

Physical vs Chemical Equilibrium
A physical equilibrium is an equilibrium state in which the physical state of the system does not change.	化学平衡是平衡状态，其中反应物和产物的浓度不会随着时间而改变。
Nature
物理平衡显示出均衡的物理状态没有变化。	化学平衡显示出参与平衡的反应物和产物的浓度没有变化。
Theory
Physical equilibrium includes the coexistence of two physical states inside the same closed system.	Chemical equilibriums include equal rates of forward and backward reactions.

概括– PhysicalvsChemicalEquilibrium

系统的平衡状态是该系统内部具有恒定参数的状态。基于系统平衡状态的特征，有两种形式的平衡。物理平衡和化学平衡。物理和化学平衡之间的差异在于物理平衡是一个平衡，其中系统的物理状态不会改变，而化学平衡是平衡状态，在这种平衡状态下，反应物和产物的浓度不会随时间而改变。

Reference:

1.”类型的平衡:身体平衡和化学平衡。” Redefining Knowledge, 2 Mar. 2018.Available here
2.“Chemical equilibrium.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 Mar. 2018.Available here
3.“Characteristics Of The Equilibrium State.” Chemistry LibreTexts, Libretexts, 21 July 2016.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.’Dynamic equilibrium’By Petergans at English Wikipedia – Own work (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia