寄生虫和部分寄生虫之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween parasites and partial parasites is thatparasites totally depend on the host for survival, growth, and reproduction while partial parasites only depend on the host for certain factors such as water and habitat.

寄生虫依靠他们的宿主来获得一个或多个因素，这使他们能够继续生命。根据他们的需求，寄生虫可能有害。大多数寄生虫都是有害的，因为它们依靠他们的宿主来满足许多要求。但是，具有部分需求的寄生虫仅取决于一些要求，并被归类为有害生物最小的生物。但是它们并非完全无害。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What are Parasites
3.What are Partial Parasites
4.Similarities Between Parasites and Partial Parasites
5.并排比较 - 寄生虫与部分寄生虫以表格形式
6.概括

寄生虫是什么?

寄生虫完全依靠他们的宿主来满足他们的所有要求。这些要求包括增长，生存和繁殖。由于它们完全依赖主机，因此被称为total parasites或者holoparasites. Furthermore, parasites do not produce their own food. Their reproduction cycles are also totally based on the host organism.

Plant-based parasites completely fulfill their nutritional requirement by sucking the sap from the host. The most common example of parasitic plants isCuscuta（Dodder Plant）。这些寄生植物具有降低的微小叶片和称为Haustoria的专门根系。Haustoria使寄生植物能够穿透宿主组织并吸收营养。此外，有两种类型的动物寄生虫endoparasites和ectoparasites. Endoparasites live inside the body of animals whilst ectoparasites live on the body surfaces of animals. Moreover, animal parasites could be pathogenic or nonpathogenic. Therefore, they have the potential to cause disease conditions in host animals.

什么是部分寄生虫？

Partial parasites depend on their host for a few requirements. Partial parasites are also referred to ashemiparasites. They do not depend on the host for nutrition, but only for water and habitat. Partial parasites are usually photosynthetic since they contain叶绿素. Therefore, they produce their own food. Hence, partial parasites are not completely harmful when compared to parasites (total parasites).

Most partial parasites are plant-based. Some examples include mistletoe,Santalum album(印度檀香),Rhinanthus(rattle plants) etc. The Western Australian Christmas tree (nuytsia佛罗里班达) and yellow rattleRhinanthusare two examples of obligate root partial parasite and facultative root partial parasite, respectively.

寄生虫和部分寄生虫之间有什么相似之处？

• Parasites and partial parasites depend on host organisms to fulfill one or more requirements.
• 此外，两种类型都取决于他们的宿主。

What is the Difference Between Parasites and Partial Parasites?

Parasites may be total parasites or partial parasites. Total parasites depend on the host for all their requirements while partial parasites depend on their host for certain requirement except nutrition. So, this is the key difference between parasites and partial parasites. Furthermore, a major difference between parasites and partial parasites is that the partial parasites have chlorophylls to carry out photosynthesis, but total parasites do not have chlorophylls. Moreover, “holoparasites” is a synonym for total parasites while “hemiparasites” is a synonym for partial parasites.

Below infographic summarizes the difference between parasites and partial parasites.

摘要 - 寄生虫与部分寄生虫

The key difference between parasites and partial parasites lies on their impact on the host organism. Parasites (total) depend on their host for all their requirements including nutrients. However, Partial parasites only depend on the host for water and shelter, not nutrients. Since partial parasites contain chlorophyll, they photosynthesize and produce their own food. Partial parasites are mostly plant-based while total parasites include both plants and animals. Moreover, animal parasites are of two categories: endoparasites and ectoparasites. Thus, this summarizes the difference between parasites and partial parasites.

Reference:

1.“寄生”。《哥伦比亚百科全书》，第6版，百科全书，2019年，2019年，Available here.
2. Westwood, James H. “Parasitic Plant.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 17 Nov. 2017,Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. Bogdan假定的“ Cuscuta Europaea Bgiu” - 假定自己的工作（基于版权索赔）(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “Yellow-rattle close 700” By Sannse – en.wikipedia.org: 19:07, 5. Jun 2004. Sannse (Talk). 700×925 (197710 Byte) (Yellow-rattle )(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia