微生物组和微生物群之间的差异

关键区别 - 微生物组与微生物群

微生物无处不在。他们的人数是不可数的，他们生活在动物体内。据估计，人体中存在约100万亿微生物。这个数字是人类细胞数量的十倍。微生物群和微生物组是描述这些微生物的两个术语。微生物群是指特定位置存在的所有类型的微生物。人类微生物群是指人体和人体中存在的微生物。术语微生物组用于引用微生物群的整个遗传构成。人类微生物组是指人类微生物群的遗传组成。这两个术语有时会互换使用。 However, it is important to recognize the difference between these two terms. The key difference between microbiome and microbiota is that微生物群包括整个微生物种群，这些微生物在特定的位置或生物体中定居while微生物组是指各自微生物群的基因组成。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Microbiota
3.What is Microbiome
4.并排比较 - 表格形式的微生物组与微生物群
5.概括

What is Microbiota?

Microbiota refers to the entire population of microorganisms that colonize a particular location. All types of microorganisms includingbacteria, viruses,fungi,古细菌， 和protozoansare addressed by the term microbiota. For example,human microbiotarefers to the entire microbial population and viruses in and on the human body. Microbes are mainly present in human gastrointestinal tract and skin. The microbial population in the gastrointestinal tract of a human is known as gut microbiota.肠道微生物群is involved in human health and nutrition. Healthy gut microbiota is largely responsible for the overall health of the organism. Human gut microbiota is mainly composed of two major phyla named bacteriodetes and firmicutes. Earlier it was assumed that the gut microbiota contains 500-1000 species of microorganisms. However, recent studies have revealed that the collective human gut microbiota comprises of over 35000 bacterial species.

From a microbial and immunological perspective, microorganisms are considered aspathogens. Hence, host immune systems always tend to eliminate them from the body. However, the majority of the human gut microbiota contains nonpathogenic and cohabit microorganisms which are important in many ways to humans. The human gut commensal microbes support nutrient metabolism, drug metabolism, and intestinal barrier function, and prevent colonization of pathogenic microorganisms.

人肠道菌群主要包括anaerobic微生物。因此，肠道菌群的分析很困难。但是，一旦开发了厌氧培养技术，就确定肠道菌群由Bacteroids,Clostridium,Bifidobacterium,etc.

There are several factors affecting the healthy gut microbiota. They are age of the human, diet, andantibiotics. Antibiotics are used to combat pathogenic microorganisms. However, due to their broad spectrum, antibiotics may also work against the normal microbiota in our gut.

什么是微生物组？

微生物组refers to the genes or the genetic makeup of the microbiota. The collection of overall genes of the microbial community is considered under microbiome.Human microbiome是指人类微生物群的完整遗传物质。与人类相比genome, human microbiome is considered as the second genome, and it contains 100 times genes than human genes.

有时，“微生物组”一词通常用于引用微生物种群和在特定环境中微生物的组合遗传物质。

微生物群的基因与人类基因组相互作用以共同发挥作用，有助于改善人类健康和对抗疾病。这些基因参与了许多有益的功能，例如支持生命，例如消化食物，防止引起疾病的病原体入侵身体，并合成必需营养素和维生素。

Research carried out on microbiome have expressed that the human microbiome is a fundamental component of human physiology. Therefore, human microbiome is an important factor of human cellular activities. Changes in microbiome affect the normal function of the human body and disease development.

What is the difference between Microbiome and Microbiota?

微生物组vs Microbiota
微生物组is the entire collection of genetic material of microbiota in a particular location.	Microbiota is the entire microbial population in a particular location such as human body, animal body, etc.
重点
微生物组专注于基因和遗传组成	微生物群关注各es and species of microorganisms.
Importance of Human Microbiome and Microbiota
微生物组对于了解微生物组与人类基因组的协作功能很重要。	Microbiota is important in many aspects including nutrition, disease prevention, immune responses, etc

概括– Microbiota vs Microbiome

术语菌群和微生物组有时会互换使用。但是，微生物群和微生物组之间存在差异。微生物群是指在特定位置定居的整个微生物种群。微生物组是指特定位置的微生物群或微生物基因集合的遗传物质。这是微生物组和微生物群之间的主要区别。

下载Microbiota与微生物组的PDF版本

You can download PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation notes. Please download PDF version here微生物组和微生物群之间的差异.

参考：

1. Jandhyala, Sai Manasa, Rupjyoti Talukdar, Chivkula Subramanyam, Harish Vuyyuru, Mitnala Sasikala, and D. Nageshwar Reddy. “Role of the normal gut microbiota.” World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 07 Aug. 2015. Web.Available here. 16 June 2017
2. Ursell，Luke K.，Jessica L. Metcalf，Laura Wegener Parfrey和Rob Knight。“定义人类微生物组。”营养评论。美国国家医学图书馆，2012年8月。Available here. 16 June 2017
3. MacGill, Markus. “What is the gut microbiota? What is the human microbiome?”Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, 24 Mar. 2016. Web.Available here.2017年6月17日。

Image Courtesy:

1.来自美国马里兰州贝塞斯达的国家人类基因组研究所（NHGRI）的“微生物组（27058471125）” - 微生物组站点（CC由2.0）viaCommons Wikimedia