这关键区别between maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood depends on the method used in developing the系统发育树。最大简约的重点是最大程度地减少系统发育构建过程中的总特征状态,而最大似然是根据遗传数据之间的可能性来绘制系统发育树的统计方法。
系统发育是生物体分类和命名法的新方法。系统发育依赖于遗传数据和进化关系。遗传数据是DNA sequencing。在系统发育中,基于共同祖先进行了生物体的分类。系统发育关系的最大简约和最大可能性提高了系统发育树的准确性和可靠性。
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Maximum Parsimony
3。什么最大可能性
4。最大简约和最大可能性之间的相似之处
5。并排比较 - 最大简约与表格形式最大似然
6.Summary
什么是最大简约?
在最大简约的技术中,在系统发育分析期间,总特征状态变化的最小化发生了。系统发育是研究进化关系的生物学分支。系统发育树是一棵树,该树显示基于共同祖先的进化关系。因此,当使用最大简约概念绘制系统发育树时,平行演化的量被最小化。因此,最大简约将比其他方法快得多。这是因为仅在最大简约中考虑了主要区别特征。
When drawing a maximum parsimonious tree, the tree is always the shortest possible tree with the minimum number of taxa. However, the reliability of a maximum parsimonious tree is very high. The statistical consistency and the accuracy of the phylogenetic relationship based on maximum parsimony will vary. Moreover, there are complex algorithms that analyze the maximum parsimony of a phylogenetic relationship.
什么是最大可能性?
Maximum likelihood is one of the most used statistical methods that analyzes phylogenetic relationships. The method will analyze phylogeny based on the probability model. Further, this method takes both mean and variance into consideration. Thus, in phylogeny, maximum likelihood is obtained on the given genetic data of a particular organism.
这re are both advantages and disadvantages of using the statistical method of maximum likelihood. The method is very appropriate when analyzing a simple data set containing genetic information. When the degree of variance among the genetic data is lower, the maximum likelihood scores are reliable. The results generated through maximum likelihood further confirms the maximum parsimony scores of a particular phylogenetic relationship. Therefore, maximum likelihood analysis acts as a confirmative test.
与上述优点相比,此方法是一个缓慢而激烈的过程。此外,在没有单个数据集的情况下,错误输出很高。因此,通过最大似然估计,它还使结果的可重复性更加困难。
What are the Similarities Between Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood?
- 最大简约和最大可能性是在系统发育中起重要作用的两种方法。
- 两种技术都根据可用的遗传数据描述了生物体与祖先的关系。
- 可以使用最大简约和最大似然解释系统发育树。
- 在这两种技术中,遗传数据都依赖于DNA测序或RNA测序。
- 两种方法对于生成系统发育树都很重要。
最大的吝啬一个之间的区别是什么nd Maximum Likelihood?
最大简约和最大似然是解释系统发育树的两种不同方法。最大的简约信念分析很少的特征并最大程度地减少了从生物体到生物体的特征变化。相比之下,最大似然方法同时考虑了均值和方差,并在特定生物体的给定遗传数据上获得最大似然。因此,这是最大简约和最大似然之间的关键区别。
Furthermore, the reliability of maximum parsimony alone is not adequate to derive a conclusion. But, the maximum likelihood method acts as a confirmative test of the results of maximum parsimony. Thus, conclusions should be done using both maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood.
以下信息图总结了最大简约和最大似然之间的差异。
摘要 - 最大简约与最大可能性
系统发育plays an important role in deriving evolutionary relationships by constructing phylogenetic trees. Maximum parsimony is the technique of constructing a tree with the minimum number of character state change. In contrast, the maximum likelihood of a phylogenetic tree relies on using the maximum similarity between genetic data. The data for both analyses come from the DNA or RNA sequence data. The reliability and accuracy are high when the tree construction takes place using both the techniques. Thus, this summarizes the difference between maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood.
参考:
1.埃利奥特。“简约和可能性之间的竞争。”OUP Academic,牛津大学出版社,2004年8月1日,在这里可用。
图片提供:
1. Taboada-echalar P,Álvarez-Iglesias V,Heinz T,Vidal-Bralo L,Gómez-Carballa A,Catelli L等。(2013)当代玻利维亚人的殖民时期的遗传遗产。PLOS ONE 8(3):E58980。doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058980(CC由2.5)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2。“Maximum-Likelihood-Tree of Lactarius blennius and relativs” By User:Thkgk – Own work (CC0) via下议院维基梅迪亚
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