渐进主义和标点平衡之间的差异

Key Difference – Gradualism vsPunctuated Equilibrium

进化和物种进化的过程基于一段时间内人口发生的变化。科学家，地质学家和哲学家就理论提出了许多理论进化. Considering all the available theories, scientists have accepted two basic theories in which a species can evolve; Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium. Scientists believe that all species evolved in either one of the ways or through a combination of the two. Gradualism is the concept where it is believed that the large changes are actually the culmination of very small changes that build up over time.Punctuated Equilibrium states that changes in species take place over a relatively short amount of time “punctuating” the long periods of equilibrium. Thus thekey difference渐进主义和标点平衡之间是假设改变所需的时间。Gradualism takes a longer period for the evolution of the species whereas Punctuated equilibrium requires only a shorter time for the evolution of species.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Gradualism Equilibrium
3.What is Punctuated Equilibrium
4.渐进主义和标点平衡之间的相似之处
5.Side by Side Comparison – Gradualism vs Punctuated Equilibrium in Tabular Form
6。概括

什么是渐进主义平衡？

Gradualism is the concept which describes the evolution of species as a long-term process. In Gradualism theselection和variationof a species happen in a more gradual manner. The minute changes taking place in a species is therefore hard to be noticed. The visible effects of Gradualism occur when many such small changes get together over time. Thus it takes a longer time to observe the visible evolutionary changes.

该理论基于詹姆斯·赫顿（James Hutton）和查尔斯·莱尔（Charles Lyell）的发现。查尔斯·达尔文（Charles Darwin）采用他的想法natural selection适合生物的生存使用该理论作为基线指南。对过渡的研究证明了这一因素fossils. The few more individuals with more of the helpful trait survive, and a few more with less of the helpful trait die. The geologic time scale helps show how the species have changed over the different eras since life began on Earth.

The main features of gradualism are;

1. Very gradual
2. Takes place over a long time.
3. The population change is slow.
4. The population change is constant.
5. The population change is consistent.

What is Punctuated Equilibrium?

The concept of punctuated equilibrium states that a change in a species is brought about in spurts. The process of punctuated equilibrium is mainly of two phases. There is a period of very little change or no change. This is known as the equilibrium phase of punctuated equilibrium. The other phase is where one or few significant huge changes occur within a short period of time. This punctuating phase is the other phase of punctuated equilibrium.

The huge changes that occur in punctuated equilibrium are often through mutations in the genes of a few individuals.Mutationsare random changes in the脱氧核糖核酸一个物种。这些突变不是从上一代继承而来的，而是传递给后代世代的。

尽管突变通常是有害的，但导致标点平衡的突变非常有帮助。这些突变增加了物种对环境的适应性。该物种在几代人的连续几代人中的发生迅速变化，并且在一段时间内平衡。

渐进主义和标点平衡之间有什么相似之处？

• 在这两种理论中，物种的变化都会随着时间的流逝而发生。
• Both occur in small and large populations.
• Both define the cause for the evolution of species.
• Both undergo changes that are based on DNA changes or epigenetic changes.

What is the Difference Between Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium?

Gradualism vs Punctuated Equilibrium
Gradualism is the concept that large changes in species are actually the culmination of very small changes that build up over time.	标点平衡状态，物种的变化发生在相对较短的时间内“标点”长期平衡的时间。
Time Period
A long period of time is considered for gradualism.	短时间内是有效的打断equilibrium.
生产新物种
渐进主义缓慢。	Fast through punctuated equilibrium.
人口变化
渐进主义持续且一致。	Irregular and inconsistent in punctuated equilibrium.

概括– Gradualism vsPunctuated Equilibrium

进化是一个复杂的过程，随着时间的流逝，由于不同的科学家群体所表达的理论而受到许多争议。渐进主义和标点平衡是提出的两个这样的理论来解释一种物种的演变。渐进主义解释了一个物种如何在很长一段时间内逐渐发展。标点平衡以时间间隔解释了物种的演变，但更快地解释了物种的演变。这是渐进主义和标点平衡之间的差异。这些理论都没有被完全接受，因此进行了广泛的研究以确认理论。

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Reference:

1.Scoville, Heather. “Gradualism vs. Punctuated Equilibrium.”thowscoco。Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.’Punctuated equilibrium’ (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
2.’Figure 18 03 02’By CNX OpenStax(CC BY 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia