Difference Between Magnetic Quantum Number and Spin Quantum Number

Thekey differencebetween magnetic quantum number and spin quantum number is thatmagnetic quantum number is useful in differentiatingorbitalsavailable within subshells, whereas spin quantum number describes the energy, shape and orientation of an orbital.

Quantum numbers are a set of values that describe the unique quantum state of anelectronin an atom. There are four specific quantum numbers: principal quantum number, angular quantum number, magnetic quantum number and spin quantum number.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Magnetic Quantum Number
3.What is Spin Quantum Number
4.Side by Side Comparison – Magnetic Quantum Number vs Spin Quantum Number in Tabular Form
5.概括

什么是磁量子数？

Magnetic quantum number differentiates orbitals available within subshells. The symbol for this value is m_i。根据其定义,这个量子数states that the electrons in each particular subshell have angular quantum numbers that range from –l to +l plus zero. Therefore, s, p, d and f subshells contain different numbers of orbitals. The following table shows the number of orbitals present in each subshell.

子壳	Values for magnetic quantum number	Number of orbitals
s	mi=0	1
p	mi= -1,0，+1	3
d	mi=-2,-1,0,+1,+2	5
f	mi=-3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+3	7

磁量子数决定了由于外部施加的磁场而发生的轨道的能量移位。我们称这种效果为“Zeeman effect”. The actual magnetic moment arises from two factors: electron angular moment and electron spin, which are described from the magnetic quantum number.

What is Spin Quantum Number?

自旋量子数描述了轨道的能量，形状和方向。该值的符号是“ S”。自旋量子数是原子的固有角动量的参数。轨道中电子的自旋角动量为s = 1/2。

An orbital can contain a pair of electrons; hence, the two electrons have s=-1/2 and s=+1/2 spin quantum numbers. It refers to the “spin-up” and “spin-down” orientations of electrons. The quantum number specifies the quantum state of a particular electron of an atom. Furthermore, we can give a “total spin quantum number” (S), which couples the spins of several unpaired electrons of some certain atoms.

What is the Difference Between Magnetic Quantum Number and Spin Quantum Number?

Quantum numbers are a set of values that describe the unique quantum state of an electron in an atom. The key difference between magnetic quantum number and spin quantum number is that magnetic quantum number is useful in differentiating orbitals available within subshells, whereas spin quantum number describes the energy, shape and orientation of an orbital. The values for magnetic quantum number is given as –l, 0 and +l. The symbol for this value is m_i。But, the spin quantum number is given as -1/2 and +1/2. The symbol for this value is “s”.

此外，磁量子数和自旋量子数之间的进一步差异是，磁量子数描述了由于外部施加的磁场而发生的轨道的能量移位，而自旋量子数则描述了原子的内在角动量。

概括– Magnetic Quantum Number vs Spin Quantum Number

Quantum numbers are a set of values that describe the unique quantum state of an electron in an atom. The key difference between magnetic quantum number and spin quantum number is that magnetic quantum number is useful in differentiating orbitals available within subshells, whereas spin quantum number describes the energy, shape and orientation of an orbital.

Reference:

1. “Quantum Numbers for Atoms.” Chemistry LibreTexts, Libretexts, 27 Sept. 2019,Available here。
2.“磁量子数”。Wikipedia，Wikimedia基金会，2019年11月16日，Available here。
3. “Spin Quantum Number.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Sept. 2019,Available here。
4. Helmenstine，Anne Marie。“自旋量子数定义。”ThinkCo，2018年12月7日，Available here。

Image Courtesy:

1. “Atomic orbitals spdf m-eigenstates” By Geek3 – Own work, Created with hydrogen 1.1(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia

2. “Two negatively charged particles spinning in a magnetic field” By CK-12 Foundation – File:High School Chemistry.pdf, page 280(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia