离子通道和转运蛋白之间的差异

关键差异 - 离子通道与运输

The living cell continuously engages in the transportation of required molecules to the cell activity and离子sin numerous ways. The cells acquire molecules and ions from their surroundingextracellular fluids为了保持细胞的完整性。因此，可以观察到不断的流量质膜。离子莱克阀门e k⁺, Na⁺，CA⁺和分子，例如葡萄糖，ATP,proteins,m-RNA连续进出细胞。分子和离子正在基于膜上移动diffusionprincipal (particle movement from the region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration) which is known as passive transportation. But in some instances, the molecules and ions are moved against their concentration gradient which is known as active transportation that is spontaneously supported by ATP. The脂质bilayers are impermeable to most of the molecules and ions (except for water, O_2,和co₂），这是分子和离子跨生物膜的运输中的主要约束。因此，分子和离子跨膜的主动运输和被动运输对于活细胞非常重要。关键区别离子通道和转运蛋白之间可以解释为离子channels are involved in the passive transportation of ions. On the contrary, transporters are involved in the active transportation of ions by consuming ATP.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Ion Channel
3.什么是离子转运蛋白
4.离子通道和转运蛋白之间的相似性
5。并排比较 - 以表格形式的离子通道与转运蛋白
6。概括

离子通道是什么?

The ion channel receptors are multimeric proteins resting and located on the plasma membrane. Each of these proteins is arranged in such a way they form pore extending passageway from one side of the membrane to another. These passageways are called as ion channels. Ion channels possess the ability to open and close according to chemical, electrical and mechanical signals which they receive from cell outside.

The ion channel opening is a fleeting event. This takes only a few milliseconds. Then they close and enter into a resting stage where they are unresponsive for signals for short period of time. Ion channels can only move ions down their concentration gradient (from higher concentration to lower concentration). If an ion channel is opened the ions (k⁺, Na⁺，CA⁺) will flow to the region where their concentration is lowest. When aneurotransmitter结合与离子受体，它改变形状并允许离子流动。这被称为配体门控离子通道。或者，基于整个膜的电压变化，某些离子通道被激活。这称为电压门控离子通道。据说离子通道是被动的，因为不需要能量（ATP）激活蛋白质。仅需要配体或电压变化。

什么是离子转运蛋白？

在生物学平均值中，转运蛋白是一种反膜蛋白，通过主动转运过程将离子跨越质膜的浓度梯度移动。主要转运蛋白分子是酶ATPase。Then these primary transporter molecules convert the energy stored in ATP molecules in order to transfer ions from lower concentration to higher concentration.

There are also secondary transporters. Unlike primary transporter which uses the ATP energy to create a concentration gradient, the secondary transporters are using the energy from the concentration gradient created by the primary transporters. Sodium- chloride对称者transports ion with its concentration gradient. They couple the transportation of the second molecule in the same direction.Antiporters还使用浓度梯度，但耦合分子被转运到相反的方向。

What are the Similarities Between Ion Channel and Transporter?

• 两者都是蛋白质分子。
• 两者都在质膜上运输离子。
• 两者都有助于维持细胞完整性。
• Both are useful in transporting important ions (k⁺, Na⁺，CA⁺) in and out of the membrane in order to maintain their required ion concentration inside and outside of the cell.

What is the Difference Between Ion Channel and Transporter?

Ion Channel vs Transporter
An ion channel is a pore-forming membrane protein that allows ions to pass through the channel pore.	转运蛋白是一种跨膜蛋白，可通过主动转运向质膜移动离子浓度梯度。
Ion Transportation
Ion channel transports ions from higher concentration to lower concentration.	Transporter transports ions from lower concentration to higher concentration.
Mode of ion transportation
Ion channel involves passive ion transportation.	Transporter involves active transportation.
Use of ATP
离子通道不使用ATP能量。	转运蛋白使用存储在ATP分子中的能量。
Ion transportation ways
离子通道使用配体或整个膜的电压变化来传输离子。	转运蛋白使用初级和二级转运蛋白运输离子。
Direction
离子通道将离子向下移动浓度梯度。	转运蛋白向浓度梯度移动离子。

摘要 - 离子频道与运输

The cell continuously engages in the transportation of necessary molecules in and out of the cell in numerous ways. The cells acquire molecules and ions from their surrounding extracellular fluids in order to maintain the cell’s integrity. It is observed unceasing traffic in the plasma membrane. Ions like k⁺, Na⁺，CA⁺葡萄糖，ATP，蛋白质，M-RNA等分子连续进出细胞。主动和被动运输是两种模式，其中细胞在整个质膜上运输离子。离子通道参与离子的被动运输。转运蛋白通过使用ATP的能量参与离子的主动运输。因此，这可以解释为离子通道和转运蛋白之间的差异。

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Reference:

1.Nature News, Nature Publishing Group.Available here
2.“离子转运蛋白。”Wikipedia，Wikimedia基金会，2017年10月19日。Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.'ion Channel’byPawełTokarz（公共领域）通过Commons Wikimedia
2.’blausen 0818 sodium-potassiumpump’Blausen.com员工（2014年）。“ Blausen Medical 2014的医学画廊”。Wikijournal of Medicine 1（2）。doi：10.15347/wjm/2014.010。ISSN 2002-4436。- 自己的工作，(CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia