同源和同源染色体之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween homologous and homeologous chromosomes is that同源染色体是具有共同血统的染色体，同型同源染色体是具有模棱两可并且部分同源的染色体。

Chromosomes are the structural components that carry genetic information of an organism. The nuclear material in eukaryotes is arranged to form chromosomes, which are compact structures of nucleic acids and proteins. Moreover, there are different types of chromosomes based on the manner in which they undergo cell division. Homologous and homeologous chromosomes are two types of chromosomes that play an important role in the field of genetics.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What are Homologous Chromosomes
3.What are Homeologous Chromosomes
4.Similarities Between Homologous and Homeologous Chromosomes
5.并排比较 - 表格形式的同源与同源染色体
6。概括

什么是同源染色体？

Homologous chromosomes are the chromosomes that are similar in length, the composition of the gene and the position of the centromere. However, the alleles in chromosomes may differ, which lead to variations in offspring of the same parents. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. Among these 23 pairs, 22 are homologous chromosome pairs and the remaining pair is a性染色体pair. In females, sex chromosome pair is homologous while in males, it is not homologous.

图01：同源染色体

同源染色体在两种细胞分裂中都起着关键作用：有丝分裂和减数分裂。在减数分裂中，同源染色体发生cross over and genetic recombination. This results in the genetic variation of offspring. The process of genetic cross-over of the homologous chromosomes plays a major role in the evolution process. During mitosis, homologous chromosomes do not undergo genetic cross-over. This result in less variation; therefore, daughter cells are identical to the parent. However, mutations that take place during cell division can lead to altered phenotypes, resulting from mutated homologous chromosomes.

In addition, homologous chromosomes show common ancestry and have the ability to replicate themselves during the replicative phase of the cell cycle.

What are Homeologous Chromosomes?

家ologous chromosomes are not strictly homologous in nature. However, they show an ambiguous nature in their formation. They arise due to the phenomenon ofpolyploidytaking place during the cell cycle. Polyploidy is the condition where an organism can possess more than one pair of homologous chromosome sets. Therefore, homeologous chromosomes are the key fact in studying the genetic outcomes resulting from polyploidy.

家ologous chromosomes arise during meiosis where the chromosomes divide unequally due to polyploid condition. Therefore, these chromosomes mainly carry genes resulting from polyploidy. Apart from polyploidy studies, homeologous chromosomes play a key role in many genetic applications such as genetic recombination studies, cytogenetic studies, evolutionary biology and computational biology, etc.

What are the Similarities Between Homologous and Homeologous Chromosomes?

Both types of chromosomes participate in cell division by meiosis and mitosis.
它们产生表型特征。
Both may show phylogenetic similarity.
The structure of homologous and homeologous chromosomes may look similar.

同源和同源染色体有什么区别？

同源染色体的同源染色体经历完全同源，同源染色体经历部分同源性，同源染色体的同源性主要不同。这主要是由于多倍体的发生，这仅导致同源染色体，而不是同源染色体。同源和同源染色体基于其遗传组成之间也存在差异。以下信息图总结了同源染色体和同源染色体之间的差异。

同源和同源染色体之间的差异 - 表格形式

概括– Homologous vs Homeologous Chromosomes

Homologous and homeologous chromosomes are two types of chromosomes based on the homology. Homologous chromosomes show complete homology between chromosomes while homeologous chromosomes show partial homology between two chromosomes. This is the key difference between homologous and homeologous chromosomes. Homeologous chromosomes originate due to a phenomenon called polyploidy, which takes place during the cell cycle. However, homeologous chromosomes play a very important role in recombination studies and cytogenetics.

Reference:

1. Staughton, John. “Homologous Chromosomes: Definition, Function and Challenges.” Science ABC, Science ABC, 21 May 2019,Available here.
2. Glover, Natasha M, et al. “Homoeologs: What Are They and How Do We Infer Them?” Trends in Plant Science, Elsevier Science, Ltd, July 2016,Available here.