关键区别 - 杂种与近亲抑郁症
育种是一种用于创建或产生所需的后代的过程phenotypes。植物育种是开发具有有益特征的新品种和品种的普遍做法。Inbreeding and outbreedingare two common breeding techniques employed by breeders. Inbreeding is the process of mating individuals which are genetically closely related. Inbreeding increases the纯合性在后代。在两个无关或遥远相关的人之间进行异种。育种促进基因的混合并增加遗传变异在后代。Inbreeding depression and heterosis are two terms related to inbreeding and outbreeding respectively. The key difference between heterosis and inbreeding depression is that杂种是由于在异育过程中来自两个不同个体的基因混合而引起的特征的增强尽管inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness of offspring due to the increased homozygosity as a result of inbreeding between closely related individuals.
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是杂种
3。什么是近亲抑郁症
4。并排比较 - 杂种与表格形式的近交抑郁症
5。Summary
什么是杂种?
杂种或混合活力是后代对父母特征的特征的增强。这种增强的特征或上等性质被描述为杂种。这是由于遗传变异的高度差异基因组of the offspring. Genetic variation increases when genetically different parents mate with each other. Heterosis is shown due to dominance or overdominance. The offspring are more adapted to the environments since they possess higher levels of fitness.
育种计划总是试图发展具有期望特征或改进特征的后代。因此,育种者倾向于表演杂交育种或近亲繁殖。杂交的主要目的是实现后代的杂种。杂交更有可能产生具有优越特征的后代,而不是父母的特征。
什么是近亲抑郁症?
近亲繁殖是一个交配的过程执行g之间enetically close individuals. In small populations, mating with relatives is common among animals. It increases the homozygosity in the successive generations and reduces their biological fitness. The reduced level of biological fitness in the offspring resulting from inbreeding is known as inbreeding depression. The progenies are unable to reproduce as well as survive in the changing environments. Increasing homozygosity causes reduction of genetic variation in the genomes of their offspring. Therefore, these individuals are less adapted to the environment. When the genetic variation in the genome is less, offspring are more likely to be subjected to inbreeding depression; when there is a high genetic variation in the genomes, they are less likely to be subjected into inbreeding depression. Inbreeding depression highly affects small populations restricted to small areas, but it does not affect a larger population spread in a bigger area.
Inbreeding increases the expression of deleterious隐性等位基因expression in offspring. When F1 population is transmitted with one deleterious recessive allele, inbreeding between F1 progeny produces the homozygous recessive allele in offspring. Hence, the deleterious recessive allele expression can be observed in the progeny as a result of inbreeding.
What is the difference between Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression?
Heterosis vs Inbreeding Depression |
|
杂种是一种现象,它比由于基因组混合或繁殖而增强了混合后代的性状。 | Inbreeding depression is a phenomenon which describes the reduced level of biological fitness in hybrid offsprings due to inbreeding. |
父母基因组 | |
Heterosis develops due to the mating of two different individuals which possess different genomes. | 近亲抑郁症是由于近亲之间的交配而导致的。 |
基因组的遗传变异 | |
杂种是父母基因组之间高遗传变异性的结果。 | Inbreeding depression is a result of low genetic variation. |
适应环境 | |
表现出杂种的后代非常适合环境。 | 后代无法适应不断变化的环境。 |
特征 | |
后代比父母表现出更高的特征。 | Offspring show inferior characteristics than their parents. |
Summary – Heterosis vs Inbreeding Depression
近亲繁殖降低了后代通过降低生物适应性生存和繁殖的能力。这种现象被称为近交抑郁症。这是由于后代基因组的纯合性增加而引起的。在无关个体之间进行了异育,并增强了其后代基因组中的基因混合和遗传变异。大多数特征通过远距离相关或无关的个体之间的基因组混合而增强。这种现象被称为源自增强或异疾病。杂种可以简单地解释为混合后代,表现出与父母的特征更高的特征。近亲抑郁症与杂种相反,杂种与父母的杂种表现出较低的特征。这是杂种和近交抑郁症之间的差异。
References:
1。” Heterosis.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 22 May 2017. Web. Availablehere[2017年5月30日访问]。
2。”What are the advantages and disadvantages of crossbreeding in dairy cattle?”Extension. N.p., n.d. Web. Availabehere[2017年5月30日访问]。
3.近亲繁殖和近交抑郁症。N.P.,N.D。网络。可用的here[2017年5月30日访问]。
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