Difference Between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Cell Wall

Key Difference – Archaebacteria vs Eubacteria Cell Wall

Bacteria are the largest group ofprokaryotesfound in many habitats in natures, some of which are extremely harsh conditions, such as hot-vents, hot sulfur springs, etc. All the bacterial species are unicellular, but may occur as groups of cells. Bacteria lack anucleusandmembrane-bounded organelles。他们的遗传物质是环状DNA,没有histones on it. They have various physiological activities, which enable them to survive on the widest range of substrates. Based on their biochemical differences, bacteria are divided into two groups; archaebacteria and eubacteria. Archaebacteria are very ancient organisms that have some unique characteristics, and they differ from eubacteria in the composition of the cell wall, membrane constituents, and properties related toprotein synthesis。Gram-positiveeubacteria and archaebacteria possess very simplest cell walls, which are thick and made up of 90%peptidoglycan, whereas Gram-negative bacteria have a complex multi-layered cell wall with thin peptidoglycan layer (about 10% of the cell wall) in their cell wall. Therefore, cell wall composed of peptidoglycan is extremely useful to identify certain types of bacteria through Gram staining method. Thekey differencebetween archaebacteria cell wall and eubacteria cell wallis the lack of muramic acid and D-amino acids in the cell wall of archaebacteria。Also, there are some other structural and chemical composition differences among the cell wall of these two groups. In this article, the differences between cell wall of archaebacteria and eubacteria are discussed in detail.

Archaebacteria Cell Wall

Archaebacteria is the most ancient group of bacteria that has the ability to survive in many extreme and inhospitable environment in nature. There are three categories of archaebacteria;methanogens, halophiles, andthermoacidophiles。Archaebacteriapossess some unique characteristic features, which make them differ from eubacteria. Among these differences, the most noticeable are the cell wall composition. Unlike in eubacteria, archaebacteria do not containmuramic acidand D-amino acids in peptidoglycan. Their cell wall is composed of proteins,glycoproteinsor polysaccharides. A few genera of archaebacteria possess cell wall made up of pseudomuerin, which has the same structure of eubacterial peptidoglycan, but still differs in chemical composition.

Eubacteria Cell Wall

Eubacteria arephototrophic, chemotrophic or heterotrophic organismsthat show a wide range of metabolic activities. Their cell wall is composed of N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, with amino acid linkages.

What is the difference between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Cell Wall?

Composition:

Archaebacteria cell wall:Archaebacteria cell wall does not contain muramic acid and D-amino acids.

Eubacteria cell wall:Eubacteria do have these two components with peptidoglycan.

Image Courtesy:

1.Halobacteria – ArchaeaBy NASA [Public Domain] via Wikimedia Commons

2.Eubacteria (26 2 87) Bacillus subtilis; spores stained greenBy Doc. RNDr. Josef Reischig, CSc. (Author’s archive) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons