单倍型和单倍型之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween haplogroup and haplotype is that单倍群是指共有共同祖先的一组类似的单倍型，而单倍型是指由于遗传连接而产生的一组等位基因。

A gene primarily consists of twoalleles。染色体中存在数千个基因。隔离时，他们表明crossoversand geneticrecombinations。However, some alleles of genes are located very close to each other. In simple words, these alleles show a genetic linkage. Hence, they are not likely to crossover or recombine. Instead, they always tend to transmit together from generation to generation. Accordingly, a haplotype is a combination of alleles or a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms present on the same chromosome that are inherited together along the generations from a single parent. Haplogroup is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Haplogroup
3.What is Haplotype
4.单倍型和单倍型之间的相似性
5.Side by Side Comparison – Haplogroup vs Haplotype in Tabular Form
6.概括

What is Haplogroup?

Haplogroup is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor. In other words, a haplogroup is a combination of alleles present in different chromosomes that are inherited together. These alleles are present very close to each other. The haplotypes in a haplogroup have similar patterns and are related descendants since they have a common ancestor. Thus, it is easy to predict a haplogroup from haplotypes.

There are two most common haplogroups in human. They areY chromosome从父亲到儿子的单倍群，以及从母亲或儿子传递的线粒体DNA单倍群。

What is Haplotype?

A haplotype is a set of alleles inherited together. These alleles are present in the same chromosome very close to each other because of genetic linkage. Therefore, there is no chance of recombination or crossovers. Hence they pass together from generation to generation. These alleles can be the alleles of a single gene or alleles across multiple genes. A haplotype can also refer to a cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms present on the same chromosome. Thus, they are a set of DNA variation or polymorphisms inherited together.

Information about haplotypes is useful in investigating the influence of genes on diseases. By analyzing haplotypes and haplotype trees, geneticists can detect the disease-related genome regions and determine the patterns of genetic variation related to diseases. Moreover, they are useful during gene mapping when placing genetic markers in the right places on the chromosomes.

What are the Similarities Between Haplogroup and Haplotype?

• Haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes.
• They show genetic linkages.
• 单倍型和单倍型不存在跨界或遗传重组。

的区别是什么Between Haplogroup and Haplotype?

Haplogroup is a combination of alleles present in different chromosomes that are inherited together. It consists of similar haplotypes sharing a common ancestor. A haplotype, on the other hand, is a set of alleles found in the same chromosome that are inherited together along generations. So, this is the key difference between haplogroup and haplotype.

The below infographic summarizes the difference between haplogroup and haplotype.

摘要 - 单倍型与单倍型

Haplogroup is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor. A haplotype, on the other hand, is a combination of alleles or a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms present on the same chromosome that are passed along generations from a single parent. Therefore, this is the key difference between haplogroup and haplotype. Haplotypes provide an easy way of predicting haplogroups since a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes.

Reference:

1.“单体型”。Genome.gov,Available here。
2. “Haplogroup.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 July 2019,Available here。

Image Courtesy:

1.“Molecular lineage” By Wobble – Own work (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
2. David Eccles（Gringer）的SNP模型的“ DNA-SNP”(CC BY 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia