Thekey differencebetween element and molecule is thatelements are pure substances that consist of only a single type ofatom,并且不能用化学方法分解,而分子可能包含两个或多个相同元素或不同元素的原子。
Atoms are the small units which collect up to form all the existing chemical substances. Atoms can join with other atoms in various ways, and form thousands of molecules and other compounds. According to their electron donating or withdrawing abilities, they can formcovalent bonds或者ionic bonds. Sometimes there are very weak attractions between atoms. Both molecules and elements are made up of atoms.
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是元素
3.什么是分子
4.并排比较 - 表格形式的元素与分子
5.概括
什么是元素?
We are familiar with the word “element,” because we learn about them in the periodic table. There are about 118 elements in the periodic table, arranged according to their atomic number. An element is a chemical substance which consists of only a single type of atoms, hence they are pure. The smallest element is the hydrogen, and silver, gold, platinum are some of the commonly known precious elements. Each element has an atomic mass, atomic number, symbol, electronic configuration, etc. Although most elements are naturally occurring, there are some synthetic elements like Californium, Americium, Einsteinium, and Mendelevium.
All elements can be broadly categorized into three categories: metal, metalloids and non-metals. Further, they are categorized into groups and periods based on more specific characteristics. Elements in the same group or periods share certain common characteristics, and some properties may change sequentially when you go through a group or period. Elements can be subjected to chemical changes to form various compounds; however, elements cannot be further broken down by simple chemical methods. There are atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons; these are known as isotopes of an element.
什么是分子?
分子是由by chemically bonding two or more atoms of the same element (e.g.: O2, N2)或不同元素(H2O, NH3). Molecules don’t have a charge, and the atoms are bonded by the covalent bonds. Molecules can be very large (hemoglobin) or very small (H2),取决于连接的原子数量。分子中的原子类型和数量由分子公式显示。
The simplest integer ratio of atoms present in a molecule is given by the empirical formula. For example, C6H12O6is the molecular formula of glucose, and CH2O is the empirical formula. Molecular mass is the mass calculated considering the total number of atoms given in the molecular formula. Each molecule has its own geometry. The atoms in a molecule are arranged in the most stable manner with specific bond angle and bond lengths to minimize the repulsions and straining forces.
What is the Difference Between Element and Molecule?
Elements are pure substances that consist of only a single type of atom, and cannot be broken down by chemical means while molecules may contain two or more atoms of the same element or different elements. Thus, the key difference between element and molecule is that elements consist of only a single type of atoms while molecules may contain two or more atoms of the same element or different elements. Some examples of elements include hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sodium, copper and zinc while some examples of molecules include carbon dioxide, water, and ozone. Moreover, the properties of an element often change completely when they are part of a molecule.
下面的信息图显示了表格形式的元素和分子之间的差异。
概括– Element vs Molecule
元素和分子之间的关键区别在于,元素仅由单一类型的原子组成,而分子可能包含两个或多个相同元素或不同元素的原子。当元素是分子的一部分时,它们的性质通常会完全改变。
Image Courtesy:
1.LászlóNémeth的“周期桌子简单的Hu” - 自己的作品,CC0)Commons Wikimedia
2. “Covalent Bonds” By BruceBlaus – Own work(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
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