Difference Between Diamond Graphite and Fullerene

Thekey difference在钻石石墨和富勒烯之间diamond has a diamond cubic crystal structure and graphite has ahexagonal crystal structure,而富勒烯是一个巨大的球状摩尔ecule.

Diamond, graphite and fullerene are differentallotropesof the chemical element carbon. All these compounds have only carbon atoms in the composition, but the arrangement of the carbon atoms differ from each other.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Diamond
3.What is Graphite
4.What is Fullerene
5.Side by Side Comparison – Diamond vs Graphite vs Fullerene in Tabular Form
6.概括

What is Diamond?

Diamond is an allotrope of carbon, which has the diamond cubic crystal structure. It is in the solid-state at standard temperature and pressure. Furthermore, it has the highest hardness among all materials and highest thermal conductivity as well. Diamonds fall under the category of native minerals, and typically its colour is yellow, brown or grey to colourless. Moreover, the cleavage of this material is perfect in four directions, and the fracture is irregular. The mineral streak of a diamond is colourless. When considering the optical properties, diamond isisotropic。

In this material, the carbon atoms aresp³hybridized。每个原子都形成一个具有另一个原子的四面体。四面体结构是刚性的，原子之间的键非常牢固。此外，钻石在单位体积的材料中具有最大数量的原子。

What is Graphite?

Graphite is an allotrope of carbon having the hexagonal crystal structure. The compound naturally occurs as graphite ores; so, we can obtain this material through mining. It is the most stable allotrope of carbon at standard temperature and pressure. Moreover, under very high temperature and pressure conditions, graphite can convert into diamond. It has a high electrical conductivity.

Graphite also falls under the category of native minerals. The colour may vary from iron-black to steel-grey. Furthermore, the cleavage of this material is basal, and the fracture is flaky. Hardness is very low, and it has a metallic, earthy lustre. The mineral streak of graphite is black. When considering the optical properties, the graphite is uniaxial.

What is Fullerene?

Fullerene is an allotrope of carbon which has a large spherical structure. The carbon atoms in this allotrope connect with each other via single and double bonds. Moreover, the spherical structure is a closed or partially closed mesh having fused rings containing 5 to 7 carbon atoms. They aresp²hybridized原子。但是，该结构在原子之间具有角度应变。

Furthermore, fullerenes are soluble in organic solvents, including toluene, chlorobenzene, etc. Generally, this material is an electrical insulator.

What is the Difference Between Diamond Graphite and Fullerene?

钻石，石墨和富勒烯是碳的同素异形。钻石石墨和富勒烯之间的关键区别在于，钻石具有钻石立方体结构，石墨具有六边形晶体结构，而富勒烯则是大球体分子。此外，钻石是地球上最难发生的材料，但是石墨和富勒烯的硬度相对较低。

Moreover, a further difference between diamond graphite and fullerene is that the carbon atoms of a diamond are sp³hybridized but, in graphite and fullerene, they are sp²杂交。在考虑碳原子周围的几何形状，钻石是四面体，在石墨中，它是三角平面，而在富勒烯中，它是球形的。

概括– Diamond vs Graphite vs Fullerene

钻石，石墨和富勒烯是碳的同素异形。总而言之，钻石石墨和富勒烯之间的关键区别在于，钻石具有钻石立方体结构，石墨具有六边形晶体结构，而富勒烯则作为大球体分子出现。

Reference:

1.“”Graphite.” Geology,Available here。
2. “Diamond.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 13 July 2019,Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1.“”Vickers anvil diamonds”田中R.(CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “Graphite-233436” By Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com –(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
3. “C60a” – The original uploader was Mstroeck at English Wikipedia.Later versions were uploaded by Bryn C at en.wikipedia. – Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia