Difference Between Carbonate and Bicarbonate

Thekey differencebetween carbonate and bicarbonate is thatthe carbonate ion has -2 electrical charge whereas, the bicarbonate has -1 electrical charge.

The human body produces carbon dioxide as a by-product of代谢. Most of this carbon dioxide dissolves in血浆and present in the form of bicarbonate. Carbonate and bicarbonate system is mainly responsible for maintaining our bloodpH value, and they act as a buffer in our blood. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, bicarbonate and carbonic acid forms, and there is an equilibrium between these species.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Carbonate
3.What is Bicarbonate
4.Side by Side Comparison – Carbonate vs Bicarbonate in Tabular Form
5.概括

What is Carbonate?

Carbonate is an inorganic ion containing a carbon atom and three oxygen atoms. It has a negative divalent charge (-2 electrical charge). Carbonate ion has a trigonal planar geometry, and its molecular weight is 60 g mol^-1.

Although the Lewis structure of carbonate ion has one carbon-oxygen double bond and two carbon-oxygen single bonds, it is not the actual structure. Carbonate ion shows resonance stabilization. Hence, it has a hybrid structure of all resonance structures. Therefore, all the carbon-oxygen bonds have a similar length, and the oxygen atoms have a partial negative charge (hence, all the oxygen atoms are similar.).

当二氧化碳或碳酸氢盐溶解在水中时，碳酸盐离子会形成。并且，该离子与碳酸氢盐离子平衡。自然，它与另一种金属离子或另一种阳性离子结合起来，使化合物制成。有多种类型的碳酸盐岩石，例如石灰石（碳酸钙），白云岩（碳酸钙），钾盐（碳酸钾）等。

Furthermore, carbonate compounds play a crucial role in the carbon cycle. With time, the compounds containing carbon converts into sedimentary rocks when they deposit for a long time. Then, when these rocks are weathering, carbon dioxide is released back to the atmosphere. Likewise, when heating these compounds, they release carbon dioxide easily. Further, carbonate compounds are ionic, and they are insoluble in water.

什么是碳酸氢盐？

Bicarbonate is a monovalent anion having one hydrogen, one carbon and three oxygen atoms. It forms from deprotonation of carbonic acid. It has trigonal planar geometry around the central carbon atom. Bicarbonate ion has a molecular weight of 61 g mol^-1.

此外，该离子显示了两个与氢无关的氧原子之间的共振稳定。在自然界中，碳酸氢盐是碱性，是碳酸盐离子的偶联酸和碳酸的结合碱。此外，带正电荷的离子可以与该离子和形成离子盐的负电荷氧结合。碳酸氢盐最常见的盐是碳酸氢钠，我们将其称为日常使用中的发酵粉。此外，碳酸氢盐化合物与酸反应时释放二氧化碳。

碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐有什么区别？

Carbonate and bicarbonate are inorganic anions. The key difference between carbonate and bicarbonate is that the carbonate ion has -2 electrical charge whereas, the bicarbonate has -1 electrical charge. Moreover, due to the presence of the hydrogen atom, the molar mass of carbonate ion is 60 g/mol while the molar mass of bicarbonate ion is 61 g/mol.

Another significant difference between carbonate and bicarbonate is that, in strongly basic conditions, there will be more carbonate ions, whereas, bicarbonate ions will be more in weak basic solution. Furthermore, the ability to dissolve in water also contributes to a difference between carbonate and bicarbonate. That is; the compounds with carbonate ions are not soluble in water at the room temperature and atmospheric pressure. However, many bicarbonate salts are soluble in water at room temperature.

Below is a summary of the difference between carbonate and bicarbonate in tabular form.

概括– Carbonate vs Bicarbonate

Both carbonate and bicarbonate are ions containing carbon and oxygen atoms. However, bicarbonate ion has a hydrogen atom as well. Therefore, this hydrogen atom causes the ion to become monovalent anions while the carbonate is a divalent anion. In summary, the key difference between carbonate and bicarbonate is that the carbonate ion has -2 electrical charge whereas, the bicarbonate has -1 electrical charge.

Reference:

1. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Carbonate.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 20 July 1998.Available here
2. “Bicarbonate Ion.” National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database, U.S. National Library of Medicine.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.”Carbonate-ion-localised-2D”By Ben Mills – Own work, (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
2.“碳酸氢盐谐振”，地狱家族 - 自己的作品，(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia