的区别是en Denaturation and Degradation of Protein

Thekey differencebetween denaturation and degradation of protein is that在蛋白质变性中，第四纪，第三结构和二级结构被破坏，但主要结构保持完整，而在蛋白质的降解中，蛋白质的主要结构被破坏，但次级三级结构仍然保持完整。

Denaturation and degradation of proteins are key steps in the processing of proteins in the cell. They are extremely important cellular processes. In the denaturation of protein, the protein loses its biological activity because the biological function is directly dependent on its structure. However, degraded proteins can still have a secondary or tertiary structure.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Denaturation of Protein
3.什么是蛋白质的降解
4.Similarities Between Denaturation and Degradation of Protein
5。Side by Side Comparison – Denaturation vs Degradation of Protein in Tabular Form
6。概括

什么是蛋白质变性？

Denaturation is the process in which the protein losses its quaternary structure, tertiary structure, and secondary structure present in the native state. But the primary structure of proteins remains intact. It can be achieved by the application of external stresses, compounds such as strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent (alcohol, chloroform) and radiation or heat. If the proteins in the cell get denatured, it results in the disruption of cell activity, possibly cell death. In protein denaturation, the protein loses its biological function. The denatured proteins can have a wide range of characteristics such as conformational changes, loss of solubility, and aggregation due to exposure to hydrophobic groups. Denatured proteins lose their 3D structure; therefore, they cannot function, as mentioned earlier.

适当的蛋白质折叠有助于球状或膜蛋白正确完成其工作。它们必须折叠成正确的形状才能实现正确的功能。然而，在折叠中起关键作用的H键相当弱，因此很容易受到热，酸度，变化的盐浓度和其他可以使蛋白质变质的胁迫的影响。这就是为什么homeostasisis extremely important in many life forms. Common examples can be observed in cooking a variety of foods, such as boiled eggs becoming hard and cooked meat becoming firm.

什么是蛋白质的降解?

Protein degradation may take place intracellularly or extracellularly. In protein degradation, the primary structure of the protein is destroyed, but the secondary and tertiary structure remains intact. In food digestion, the digestive enzyme is released into the environment for extracellular digestion. Proteolytic cleavage breaks proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids so that they may be readily absorbed. In animals, the food may be processed extracellularly in specialized organs or guts. But in many bacteria, food may be processed by internalization throughphagocytosis.

Microbial protein degradation in the environment can be regulated by nutrient availability. Intracellular protein degradation can be achieved in two ways: proteolysis in thelysosomes或将不良蛋白靶向蛋白质体的泛素依赖性过程。但是，在蛋白质降解中，蛋白质在某些情况下仍然可以具有其生物学功能。

蛋白质变性和降解之间有什么相似之处？

• Both terms are associated with proteins.
• The bonds in proteins are broken down in both processes.
• They are both extremely important for cell function.
• The structure of native protein changes in both processes.

What is the Difference Between Denaturation and Degradation of Protein?

Denaturation is the unfolding of the protein structure. That means; the loss of its secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure due to exposure to a physical or chemical factor. But the primary structure stays intact because covalent bonds between amino acids are much stronger. However, in the degradation of proteins, the primary structure is destroyed. That means; the covalent bonds between different amino acids are broken. Thus, this is the key difference between denaturation and degradation of protein. Moreover, in the denaturation of protein, the protein loses its biological activity because the function is directly dependent on its structure whereas, the degraded proteins can still have a secondary or tertiary structure, so they can still have their biological function in some cases.

以下是蛋白质以表格形式的变性和降解之间的差异的摘要。

概括– Denaturation vs Degradation of Protein

蛋白质的变性涉及二级和三级结构的破坏。但是主要结构保持完整。但是，在蛋白质的降解中，主要结构被破坏。在蛋白质的变性中，蛋白质失去其生物学活性。另一方面，在降解中，蛋白质在某些情况下仍然具有其生物学功能。因此，这总结了蛋白质变性和降解之间的差异。

Reference:

1. “Denaturation (Biochemistry).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Mar. 2021,Available here.
2.“蛋白水解”。Wikipedia，Wikimedia基金会，2021年4月4日，Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. Scurran15的“图-2变性” - 自己的作品(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “ProteinQS en” By ProteinQS.svg: Kuebi = Armin Kübelbeckderivative work: Vojtech.dostal (talk) – ProteinQS.svg, (CC0) viaCommons Wikimedia