细胞介导的和抗体介导的免疫之间的差异

Thekey difference在细胞介导的和抗体介导的免疫之间，是cell mediated immunity destroys infectious particles via cell lysis bycytokines, without the production ofantibodies，而抗体介导的免疫破坏pathogensby producing specific antibodies against antigens.

Cell mediated immunity and antibody mediated immunity are two types of primary defence mechanisms taking place in our body. Cell mediated immunity operates against intracellular pathogens. Hence, it works inside infected cells and destroys pathogens by releasing cytokines. In contrast, antibody mediated immunity operates against extracellular pathogens by producing antibodies against the antigens present outside the infected cells or free circulating in the blood. Moreover,B lymphocytes主要执行抗体介导的免疫力T lymphocytes进行细胞介导的免疫力。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Cell Mediated Immunity
3.什么是抗体介导的免疫
4.Similarities Between Cell Mediated and Antibody Mediated Immunity
5.Side by Side Comparison – Cell Mediated vs Antibody Mediated Immunity in Tabular Form
6。概括

What is Cell Mediated Immunity?

细胞介导的免疫力是我们体内运行的一种原发性免疫反应。细胞介导的免疫力不会诱导抗体的产生。它通过释放各种细胞因子和吞噬细胞的激活而发生。细胞介导的免疫对抗细胞内病原体，例如病毒和细菌。一旦病原体进入细胞并感染了细胞，抗体介导的免疫力就无法识别出来。因此，细胞介导的免疫反应发挥作用，并在细胞内病原体繁殖之前杀死感染的细胞。

T淋巴细胞是进行细胞介导的免疫力的主要免疫细胞。幼稚的T细胞在遇到抗原呈递细胞（APC）后激活并转化为效应T细胞。助手T细胞释放细胞因子，有助于激活T细胞与受感染细胞的MHC抗原复合物结合并将T细胞区分为细胞毒性T细胞。然后，细胞毒性T细胞诱导感染细胞进行细胞凋亡或细胞裂解。此外，细胞因子募集天然杀伤细胞和吞噬细胞破坏感染细胞。这样，细胞介导的免疫力对病毒感染，移植排斥，慢性炎症和肿瘤免疫有反应。

什么是抗体介导的免疫力？

Antibody mediated immunity, as the name implies, occurs via the production of antibodies. It specifically responds to antigens that are freely circulating or present outside the infected cells. When an antigen enters into our serum with the help of helper T cells, B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells. Plasma cells proliferate, and all proliferated plasma cells produce specific antibodies against the antigens. Antibodies bind with antigens and neutralize or deactivate them or cause lysis.

Antibodies are immunoglobulin proteins. There are five types of antibodies as IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE and IgD. IgG is the most abundant type of antibody. Antibodies diminish after they deactivate antigens. However, B lymphocytes produce memory cells when they encounter an antigen. These memory cells produce plasma cells and antibodies rapidly and intensely when we are exposed to the same antigen the second time. Therefore, antibody mediated immunity provides long-lasting immunity for specific antigens.

细胞介导的和抗体介导的免疫力之间有什么相似性？

• Cell mediated and antibody mediated immunity are two categories of adaptive immunity.
• They are primary defence mechanisms.
• 助手T细胞有助于两种免疫力。
• Both types of immunity usually develop concurrently体内, and the two responses often act synergistically.

细胞介导的和抗体介导的免疫力有什么区别？

Cell mediated immunity is facilitated by T lymphocytes via the release of cytokines while antibody mediated immunity is facilitated by B lymphocytes via the production of antibodies. So, this is the key difference between cell mediated and antibody mediated immunity. Cell mediated immunity works against intracellular pathogens while antibody mediated immunity works against extracellular pathogens. Furthermore, cell mediated immunity creates a delayed response, while antibody mediated immunity creates a rapid response. This is also a difference between cell mediated and antibody mediated immunity.

下面的图表总结了不同tween cell mediated and antibody mediated immunity.

摘要 - 细胞介导的VS抗体介导的免疫力

细胞介导的免疫和抗体介导的免疫力是适应性免疫系统的两类。抗体介导的免疫力是针对细胞外病原体作用的主要防御系统。它主要由B淋巴细胞通过抗体产生促进。相反，细胞介导的免疫力是针对细胞内病原体作用的主要防御系统。T淋巴细胞主要通过细胞因子释放来促进。助手T细胞均有助于细胞介导的和抗体介导的免疫力。因此，这是对细胞介导的和抗体介导的免疫之间差异的简要描述。

Reference:

1. Janeway, Charles A, and Jr. “T Cell-Mediated Immunity.” Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. 5th Edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1970,Available here.
2. “Humoral Immunity.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Sept. 2019,Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. “T cell activation” By T_cell_activation.png: Template drawing and caption text from “The Immune System”, (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “B cell activation” By Fred the Oysteri (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia