Centromere和端粒之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

Key Difference –CentromerevsTelomere

染色体是线状结构nucleic acidsand proteins that carry the genetic information of an organism. Chromosomes are located within the核ofeukaryotic organisms在原核生物中，发现它们cytoplasm。遗传信息以基因形式隐藏在染色体内。基因是特定的DNA moleculesthat transcribe and translate into proteins that are necessary for all the functions of an organism. A chromosome is made from different regions of DNA and protein molecules. Centromere and telomere are two specific regions that are very important for the functioning of chromosomes. These two regions are made from similar DNA sequences. But they differ from several other features. The centromere is the region of a chromosome that is the centre that determines thekinetochore形成和凝聚力sister chromatids。A telomere is the end region of chromosomes that are important for the protection of chromosome ends from the breakages and prevention of chromosomes joining with each other. The关键区别在Centromere和端粒之间是每个区域的位置。Centromere位于染色体的中心，而Telemore则位于染色体的末端。

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是中心
3。什么是端粒
4。Centromere和Telomere之间的相似之处
5。Side by Side Comparison – Centromere vs Telomere in Tabular Form
6.Summary

什么是中心?

丝粒是染色体的区域，该区域由专门的DNA序列和蛋白质复合物组成。它主要位于染色体的中心。这是一个非常重要的区域，因为它决定了动力学的形成。动力学是与丝粒相关的蛋白质复合物。在细胞分裂。纺锤体的微管纤维附着在kinetochore, and it helps to pull the sister chromatids apart during the cell division. Proteins of the kinetochore help the centromere to hold the sister chromatids together in the chromosomes.

图01：Centromere

Centromere是将染色体姐妹染色单体联系起来的特定区域。根据丝粒的位置，染色体分为四种主要类型。他们是metacentric，，，，亚中心，，，，acrocentric and telocentric chromosomes。Centromereis located in the exact middle position of the chromosome in metacentric type. Hence, two arms of the metacentric chromosome are in equal lengths, and they are X shaped chromosomes. In submetacentric chromosomes, the centromere is located very closure to the middle but not exactly at the centre. Hence, two arms of the submetacentric chromosomes are not equal, but very closure in length and they are L shaped chromosomes. Acrocentric chromosomes have very short p arm that is hard to observe. In telocentric chromosomes, centromere is located at the end of the chromosome. They show a shape similar to letter “i” during后期。

什么是端粒？

Telomeres are the extreme ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. They are composed of repeating DNA sequences and multiple protein components. Telomeres can posses hundreds to thousands of same repeating sequence. They act as protective caps of the chromosome ends. Telomeres prevent loss of base pair sequences by the enzymatic degradation from the chromosome ends. Further, telomeres prevent fusing of chromosomes with each other and maintain the stability of the chromosomes.

在复制的每次都不能完全复制染色体末端的DNA。它可能导致染色体缩短进入下一代。但是，染色体尖端的端粒布置有助于完全复制linear DNA。与端粒末端相关的蛋白质对于保护染色体并防止其触发DNA修复途径也很重要。

Key Difference Between Centromere and Telomere

图02：端粒

端粒区域的核苷酸序列在该物种之间有所不同。它由非编码串联重复序列组成。端粒的长度在不同的物种，不同的细胞，不同染色体以及根据细胞的年龄之间也有所不同。在人类和其他脊椎动物中，端粒中通常发现重复序列单元是ttaggg。

What are the Similarities Between Centromere and Telomere?

Centromere和端粒都是染色体的区域。
Both centromere and telomere regions are made from DNA sequences and proteins.
Centromere和端粒区域对于染色体的总体功能都很重要。

Centromere和端粒有什么区别？

Centromere vs端粒
Centromere是一个染色体区域，它决定了动力学的形成和姐妹染色单体的内聚力。	端粒是一个位于每个染色体末端的染色体区域，可保护染色体免受与相邻染色体的破裂和连接。
Location
Centromere位于染色体的中心。	端粒位于染色体染色单体的末端。
Function
Centromere连接姐妹染色单体，并提供动力学形成的位点，并在细胞分裂过程中附着纺锤体。	Telomeres act as protective caps of the chromosome ends from breakages and ensure the stability of chromosomes.
Composition
Centromere由专门的DNA序列组成。	端粒由数十万重复的DNA序列组成。

摘要 - 中心vsTelomere

Centromere和端粒是染色体的两个区域。Centromere由专门的DNA序列组成，它是动力学形成的位点。动力学在细胞分裂期间的纺锤纤维的附着很重要，它有助于丝粒固定染色体的姐妹染色体。端粒位于染色体的极端。它们由重复序列组成。它们充当染色体末端的保护帽。端粒防止染色体末端的碱基对损失，并确保线性DNA的完全复制。这是Centromere和端粒之间的差异。