Difference Between Carbonyl and Ketone

Thekey differencebetween carbonyl and ketone is thatall carbonyl groups have a carbon atom with double bonded oxygen atom whereas the ketones have a carbonyl group attached to twoalkyl小组。

Carbonyl group is a common functional group in organic chemistry with a wide range of reactivity. The two types of carbonyls we are familiar with are ketone and醛。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Carbonyl
3.What is Ketone
4.并排比较 - 表格的羰基与酮与酮
5.概括

What is Carbonyl?

羰基是一个功能组，具有双键氧与碳。醛和酮是该组的有机分子。醛中的羰基总是在命名法中排名第一，因为它发生在碳链的末端。但是，酮的羰基总是位于中间。

Nature

According to the type of the carbonyl compound, nomenclature differs. “al” is the suffix that we use to name aldehydes whereas “one” is the suffix for ketones. Moreover, the carbon atom next to the carbonyl carbon is the α carbon, which has important reactivity due to the adjacent carbonyl.

此外，羰基的碳原子是sp²hybridized。因此，醛和酮在羰基碳原子周围具有三角平面排列。它是极地（氧的电负性大于碳；因此，羰基具有较大的偶极矩）；因此，与具有相同重量的碳氢化合物相比，醛和酮具有更高的沸点。

However, these cannot make stronger hydrogen bonds like alcohols that result in lower boiling points than the corresponding alcohols. Moreover, because of the hydrogen bond formation ability, low molecular weight aldehydes and ketones are soluble in water. However, when the molecular weight increases, they becomehydrophobic。除此之外，羰基碳原子具有部分阳性电荷。因此，它可以充当电力。因此，这些分子很容易经历亲核取代反应。

The hydrogens attached to the carbon; next to the carbonyl group has an acidic nature, which accounts for various reactions of aldehydes and ketones. Compounds containing carbonyl groups are widely occurring in nature. Cinnamaldehyde (in cinnamon bark), vanillin (in the vanilla bean), camphor (camphor tree), and cortisone (adrenal hormone) are some of the natural compounds with a carbonyl group.

What is Ketone?

在酮中，羰基位于两个碳原子之间。酮的一般公式如下；

“One” is the suffix used in ketone nomenclature. Instead of –e of the corresponding alkane we use “one”. Moreover, we can number the aliphatic chain in a way that gives the carbonyl carbon the lowest possible number. For example, we name the compound CH₃科克₂CH₂CH₃as 2-pentanone.

Furthermore, we can synthesize ketones from the oxidation of secondary alcohols, by ozonolysis of alkenes, etc. Ketones have the ability to undergo keto-enol tautomerism. And, this process happens when a strong base takes up the α-hydrogen (hydrogen attached to the carbon, which is next to the carbonyl group). The ability to release the α-hydrogen makes ketones more acidic than corresponding alkanes.

What is the Difference Between Carbonyl and Ketone?

Carbonyl group is a functional group in organic compounds in which a carbon atom has a double bonded oxygen atom, but a ketone is an organic compound in which the carbonyl group is attached to two alkyl groups. Therefore, the key difference between carbonyl and ketone is that all carbonyl groups have a carbon atom with double bonded oxygen atom whereas the ketones have a carbonyl group attached to two alkyl groups. We can denote a carbonyl group as-(C=O)- while a ketone as R’-C(=O)-R”.

Moreover, the carbonyl group in a ketone is always situated in the middle of a chain whereas the carbonyl group in an aldehyde can be located in the ends of a molecule. Therefore, another significant difference between carbonyl and ketone is that the carbonyl group can occur either in the middle of the molecule or at the end of the molecule while the carbonyl group of a ketone always occur at the middle of the molecule.

下面关于羰基和酮之间差异的信息图提供了有关这些差异的更多信息。

摘要 - 羰基与酮

Ketones are an example of organic molecules with a carbonyl functional group. The key difference between carbonyl and ketone is that all carbonyl groups have a carbon atom with double bonded oxygen atom whereas the ketones have a carbonyl group attached to two alkyl groups.

Reference:

1. Libretexts. “The Carbonyl Group.” Chemistry LibreTexts, National Science Foundation, 26 Nov. 2018.Available here
2. Brown, William H. “Ketone.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 27 June 2018.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.”Carbonyl Group V.2″By Jü – Own work, (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
2.没有任何可读作者提供的“酮总经理”。（公共领域）通过Commons Wikimedia